ࡱ> []Z &Ubjbj33 4rQ_Q_&M    dq ```      $eP.`````.C.``(zq<kkk(```````..```````k````````` : Term 1 Week 3 George Whitefield, Three letters from the Reverend Mr. G. Whitefield: viz. Letter I. To a friend in London, concerning Archbishop Tillotson. Letter II. To the same, on the same subject. Letter III. To the inhabitants of Maryland, Virginia, North and South-Carolina, concerning their Negroes. (Philadelphia : Printed and sold by B. Franklin, at the new printing-office near the market, M,DCC,XL. [1740].pp13-16 THREE LETTERS FROM THE REVEREND Mr. G. WHITEFIELD: VIZ. Letter I. To a Friend in London, concerning Archbishop Tillotson. Letter II. To the same, on the same Subject. Letter III. To the Inhabitants of Maryland, Virginia, North and South-Carolina, concerning their Negroes. PHILADELPHIA: Printed and Sold by B. FRANKLIN, at the New Printing-Office near the Market. M,DCC,XL. / LETTER III. To the Inhabitants of Maryland, Virginia, North and South-Carolina. AS I lately passed through your Provinces in my Way hither, I was sensible touched with a Fellow-feeling of the Miseries of the poor Negroes. Could I have preached more frequently amongst you, I should have delivered my Thoughts in my publick Discourses; but as my Business here required me to stop as little as possible on the Road, I have no other Way to discharge the Concern which at present lies upon my Heart, than by sending you this Letter: How you will receive it I know not; whether you will accept it in Love, or be offended with me, as the Master of the Damsel was with Paul, for casting the Evil Spirit out of her, when he saw the Hope of his Gain was gone; I am uncertain. Whatever be the Event, I must inform you in the Meekness and Gentleness of Christ, that I think God has a Quarrel with you for your Abuse of and Cruelty to the poor Negroes. Whether it be lawful for Christians to buy Slaves, and thereby encourage the Nations from whom they are bought, to be at perpetual War with each other, I shall not take upon me to determine; sure I am, it is sinful, when bought, to use them as bad, nay worse, than as though they were Brutes; and whatever particular Exceptions there may be (as I would charitably hope there are some) I fear the Generality of you that own Negroes, are liable to such a Charge; for your Slaves, I believe, work as hard if not harder than the Horses whereon you ride. These, after they have done their Work, are fed and taken proper Care of; but many Negroes when wearied with Labour in your Plantations, have been obliged to grind their own Corn after they return home. Your Dogs are caresd and fondled at your Tables: But your Slaves, who are frequently stiled Dogs or Beasts, have not an equal Privilege. They are scarce permitted to pick up the Crumbs which fall from their Masters Tables. Nay, some, as I have been informed by an Eye-Witness, have been, upon the most trifling Provocation, cut with Knives, and had Forks thrown into their Flesh Not to mention what Numbers have been given up to the inhuman Usage of cruel Task Masters, who by their unrelenting Scourges have ploughed upon their Backs, and made long Furrows, and at length brought them even to Death itself. Its true, I hope there are but few such Monsters of Barbarity suffered to subsist amongst you. Some, I hear, have been lately executed in Virginia for killing Slaves, and the Laws are very severe against such who at any Time murder them. And perhaps it might be better for the poor Creatures themselves, to be hurried out of Life, than to be made so miserable, as they generally / in it. And indeed, considering what Usage they commonly meet with, I have wondered, that we have not more Instances of Self-Murder among the Negroes, or that they have not more frequently rose up in Arms against their Owners. Virginia has once, and Charlestown more than once been threatned in this Way. And tho I heartily pray God they may never be permitted to get the upper Hand; yet should such a Thing be permitted by Providence, all good Men must acknowlege the judgment would be just. For is it not the highest Ingratitude, as well as Cruelty, not to let your poor Slaves enjoy some Fruits of their Labour? When, passing along, I have viewed your Plantations cleared and cultivated, many spacious Houses built, and the Owners of them faring sumptuously every Day, my Blood has frequently almost run cold within me, to consider how many of your Slaves had neither convenient Food to eat or proper Raiment to put on, notwithstanding most of the Comforts you enjoy were solely owing to their indefatigable Labours. The Scripture says, Thou shalt not muzzle the Ox that treadeth out the Corn. Does God take Care of Oxen? And will he not take care of the Negroes also? Undoubtedly he will. Go to now, ye rich Men, weep and howl for your Miseries that shall come upon you! Behold the Provision of the poor Negroes, which have reaped down your Fields, which is by you denied them, crieth; and the Cries of them which reaped, are entered into the Ears of the Lord of Sabaoth! We have a remarkable Instance of Gods taking cognizance of, and avenging the Quarrel of poor Slaves, 2 Sam. 21.1. Then there was a Famine in the Days of David, three Years, Year after Year; and David enquired of the Lord. And the Lord answered, it is for Saul and his bloody house, because he slew the Gibeonites. Two Things are here very remarkable. First, that these Gibeonites were only Hewers of Wood and Drawers of Water, or in other Words, Slaves like yours. Secondly, That this Plague was sent by God many Years after the Injury, the Cause of the Plague, was committed. And for what End was this and such like Examples recorded in Holy Scripture? Without doubt, for our Learning, upon whom the Ends of the World are come For God is the same to Day as he was Yesterday, and will continue the same forever. He does not reject the Prayer of the poor and destitute, nor disregard the Cry of the meanest Negroes! The Blood of them spilt for these many Years in your respective Provinces, will ascend up to Heaven against you. I wish I could say, it would speak better Things than the Blood of Abel. But this is not all Enslaving or misusing their Bodies would, comparatively speaking, be an inconsiderable Evil, was proper Care taken of their Souls. But I have great reason to believe, that most of you, on Purpose, keep your Negroes ignorant of Christianity; or otherwise, why are they permitted thro your Provinces, openly to prophane the Lords Day, by their Dancing, Piping and such like? I know the general Pretence for this Neglect of their / Souls is, That teaching them Christianity would make them proud and consequently unwilling to submit to Slavery: But what a dreadful Reflection is this on your Holy Religion? What blasphemous Notions must those that make such an Objection have of the Precepts of Christianity? Do you find any one Command in the Gospel, that has the least Tendency to make People forget their relative Duties? Do you not read that Servants, and as many as are under the Yoke of Bondage, are required to be subject, in all lawful Things, to their Masters; and that not only to the good and gentle, but also to the forward? Nay, may I not appeal to your own Hearts, whether deviating from the Laws of Jesus Christ, is not the Cause of all the Evils and Miseries Mankind now universally groan under, and of all the Vices we find both in ourselves and others? Certainly it is. And therefore, the Reason why Servants generally prove so bad is, because so little Care is taken to breed them up in the Nurture and Admonition of the Lord. But some will be so bold perhaps as to reply, That a few of the Negroes have been taught Christianity, and, notwithstanding, have been remarkably worse than others. But what Christianity were they taught? They were baptized and taught to read and write: and this they may do, and much more, and and yet be far from the Kingdom of God; for there is a vast Difference between civilizing and christianizing an Negroe. A Black as well as a white Man may be civilized by outward Restraints, and afterwards break thro those Restraints again. But I challenge the whole World to produce a single Instance of a Negroes being made a thorough Christian, and thereby made a worse Servant. It cannot be. But farther, if teaching Slaves Christianity has such a bad Influence upon their Lives, why are you generally desirous of having your Children taught? Think you they are any way better by Nature than the poor Negroes? No, in no wise. Blacks are just as much, and no more, conceived and born in Sin, as White Men are. Both, if born and bred up here, I am persuaded, are naturally capable of the same Improvement. And as for the grown Negroes, I am apt to think, whenever the Gospel is preachd with Power amongst them, that many will be brought effectually home to God. Your present and past bad Usage of them, however ill-designed, may thus far do them good, as to break their Wills, increase the Sense of their natural Misery, and consequently better dispose their Minds to accept the Redemption wrought out for them, by the Death and Obedience of Jesus Christ. God has, not long since, been pleased to make some of the Negroes in New-England, Vessels of Mercy; and some of them, I hear, have been brought to cry out, What shall we do to be saved? in the Province of Pennsylvania. Doubtless there is a Time, when the Fullness of the Gentiles will come in: And then I believe, if not before, these despised Slaves will find the Gospel of Christ to be the Power of God to their Salvation, as well as we. But I know all Arguments to prove the Necessity of taking Care of your Negroes / Souls, though never so conclusive, will prove ineffectual, till you are convinced of the Necessity of securing the Salvation of your own. That you yourselves are not effectually convinced of this, I think is too notorious to want Evidence. A general Deadness as to divine Things, and not to say a general Profaneness, is discernible both in Pastors and People. Most of you are without any teaching Priest. And whatever Quantity of Rum there may be, yet I fear but very few Bibles are annually imported into your different Provinces. God has already began to visit for this as well as other wicked Things. For near this two Years last past, he has been in a remarkable Manner contending with the People of South-Carolina. Their Houses have been depopulated with the Small Pox and Fever, and their own Slaves have rose up in Arms against them. These Judgments are undoubtedly sent abroad, not only that the Inhabitants of that, but of other Provinces, should learn Righteousness: And unless you all repent, you all must in like Manner expect to perish. God first generally corrects us with Whips; if that will not do, he must chastize us with Scorpions. A foreign Enemy is now threatning to invade you, and nothing will more provoke God, to give you up as a Prey into their Teeth, than Impenitence and Unbelief, Let these be removed, and the Sons of Violence shall not be able to hurt you: No; your Oxen shall be strong to labour; there shall be no Decay of you People by epidemical Sickness; no leading away into Captivity from abroad, and no Complaining in your Streets at Home: Your son shall grow up as young Plants, and your Daughters be as the polished Corners of the Temple; and to sum up all Blessings in one, Then shall the LORD be your GOD. That you may be the People who are in such a happy Cafe, is the earnest Prayer of Your Sincere Well-Wisher and Servant in Christ, Savannah, Jan. 23, 1739,40. G. WHITEFIELD. / Alexander Garden, Six letters to the Rev. Mr. George Whitefield. The sixth, containing remarks on Mr. Whitefield's second letter, concerning Archbishop Tillotson, and on his letter concerning the Negroes. (Boston: Re-printed, and sold by T. Fleet, at the Heart and Crown in Cornhill, 1740. ) pp 50-54 Favour of God, and our Sins are pardond to us, we have a Title to Eternal Life. Not but that they are Conditions on our Part to make us capable of the Benefits, Faith and Repentance, and sincere Obedient and Holiness of Life, without which we shall never made Partakers of them; but that the Satisfaction Christ is the only meritorious Cause of those Blessings. I should here put an End to this Trouble, but as your Letter to the Inhabitants of Maryland, &c. is annexed this I have now remarkd upon, I shall take leave to sub-f join a few Remarks on that valuable Performance. In my humrrible Opinion, Sir, had you caused another Edition to be printed at Philadelphia, of the Bishop of Londons Letter to the Masters and Mistresses of Slaves in these Parts, and dispersed the Copies on your Way, as you came through the several Provinces, you had done much more effectual Service, than by the Publication of your own. But if you knew of any such Letter of his Lordships being extant, I suppose youll plead a special Call for the Publication of your own, and that answers all Objections. You must inform them (the Inhabitants of Maryland, &c) you say, in the Meekness and Gentleness of Christ, &c. the Invective is so apparent throughout this notable Epistle that these can only be taken for some Cent-Terms you accustom yourself to in all your Scriblings. But what is it you MUST thus inform them of? Why, that you THINK God has a Quarrel with them, &c. Had God sent you charged with this special Message you might well say, that you MUST inform them of it; but as tis only a Matter of your own Thoughts, the Necessity does not so well appear / Your Thoughts in the Case may possibly be idle or ill grounded, and so better kept at Home. But God, you THINK has a Quarrel with them, and for their Abuse of and Cruelty to the poor Negroes. That God will have a Quarrel with any of the Human Race, for their Abuse and Cruelty to others, is a very just Thought; and sinful out of all Doubt it is, for any of those Inhabitants to use their Negroes as bad, nay worse, than as though they were Brutes. But pray, Sir, on what Grounds do you bring this Charge against the Generality of those Inhabitants who own Negroes, of using them as bad, nay worse, than as tho they were Brutes? Do you know this Charge be just and honest? Or have you sufficient Evidence to suppport it? No; you only think it to be so, and fear it, and believe it. But on the contrary, I shall presume, and on much better Grounds, to think, fear, and believe, that your Charge is false and injurious! and that the very Reversealise of it is true, viz. that what particular Exceptions soever there may be as to good Usage of Slaves (as some doubtless there are) yet that the Generality of Owners use their Slaves with all due Humanity, whether in respect of Work, of Food, or Raiment. And therefore I farther think and believe, that the Generality of Owners of Slaves in the resp pective Colonies, may bring their Actions of Slander against you; and that in a certain Country I know, you would be indicated for meddling, as you have done in this Maletter, which may endanger the Peace and Safety of the community. Hitherto we have only your Thoughts, your Fears, and your Belief, on the Matter; you advance a pace into positive Assertions. And perhaps, you say, it might be for the poor Creatures themselves to be hurried out of Life, than to be made so miserable, as they generally are / in it. And indeed, considering what Usage they commonly meet with, &c. I suppress the remainder of thise and the next following Paragraph of your Epistle, as judging it both sinful, and dangerous to the publick Safety to reprint them. More Virulence and Falsehood can not be contained in so few Lines. For so far are the geene reality of Slaves in these Colonies, from being miserable that I dare confidently vouch and affirm, and partly on my own Knowledge, that their Lives in general are more happy and comfortable in all temporal Respects (the Point of Liberty only excepted) than the Lives of three fourths of the hired farming Servants, and Day Labourers either in Scotland, Ireland, or even many Parts of England, who not only labour barder, and fare worse, but have moreover the Care and Concern on their Minds how to provide for their Families; which Slaves are entirely exempted from, their Children being all provideded nce for at the Owners Charge. Now, Sir, if this be really the Case with respect to the generality of Slaves in these Colonies, which can fully be proved it is; what Apology can suffice either for the Matter or Manner of your Letter, specially the two modest Paragraphs above mentioned? Will you plead Hearsay or Report? Alas, Sir, this Plea will never do! I have heard by Report, of your Abuse and Cruelty to the poor Orphans under your Care; not only in Pinching their Bellies, but giving them up also to Task-Masters or M mistresses, who plow upon their Backs, and make long Furrows in a very inhuman Manner. And would you think it a fair and honest Thing in me, should I, on such Hearsay or Report, print and publish a Letter directed to you, pretending a Necessity of informing you that God had a Quarrel with you; for your Cruelty to the / poor Orphans; that perhaps they had better be hurried out of Life, than be made so miserable as they are in it; and that I wondered, they did not either put an End to their own Lives or Yours, rather than bear such Usage: Would you think this, I say, a fair and honest Proceeding in me, and not rather foul and injurious, and having no good Meaning, either towards yourself or the Orphans? And tho it came prefaced in the Meekness and Gentleness of Christ, would you not regard it rather as a Burlesque of the Words? No, Sir, I know there must be a due Discipline, or Rod of Correction exercisd among Children; and this may be, and often is misrepresented for Cruelty and bad Usage. I know also, that like Discipline and Correction must be observed among every Parcel of Slaves; and which in like Manner, may be, and often is misrepresented in the same Light: And therefore no such Reports, in either Case, can justify a direct Accusation. As to the little or no proper Care taken by Owners of the Souls of their Slaves, it is too sad a Truth; and I tremble to think, what Account they will give of it at the great Day! A fore Evil indeed! But for which, your Letter, I conceive, will afford but a poor Remedy. I cannot think so ill of any, as you do of most of them, viz. that on Purpose, they keep their Slaves ignorant of Christianity. I believe the Reason of their being so kept, is the want of one certain uniform Method of teaching them, and which I hope will soon be established with Success. I readily agree, that the Objection to teaching them Christianity, viz. that it would tend to make them less governable, or worse Slaves, is wild and extravagant: But wish you had a little explained, what you mean by the Phrases, Christianizing; and MADE thorough / Christians; and the Gospel preachd with Power; whether, by these Phrases, you mean Things in the Power of Men? For sure I am, that Paul may plant, and Apollos may water, but God alone can give the Encrease. Men may teach true Christianity, but no Man can MAKE a true Christian. Your Complement on Pastors and People, and apprehended Difference twixt the Importation of Rum and Bibles, are no Exceptions to the usual Stile, Modesty, or Manners of your Epistles, and particularly of this under Consideration, which I have now done with, and remain, Sir, Charlestown, July 30th. 1740. Your very humble Servant, Alex. 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