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0.0 Td (in ) Tj 11.880000 0.0 Td (this ) Tj 19.560000 0.0 Td (one ) Tj 18.360000 0.0 Td (dimensional ) Tj 54.720000 0.0 Td (ge- ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 47.040000 334.920000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.440000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (ometry. ) Tj 38.040000 0.0 Td (All ) Tj 16.320000 0.0 Td (waves ) Tj 28.680000 0.0 Td (then ) Tj 23.040000 0.0 Td (propagate ) Tj 46.800000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 12.120000 0.0 Td (q-\177, ) Tj 18.720000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 19.080000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.400000 0.0 Td (VB ) Tj 16.200000 0.0 Td (2 ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 47.040000 324.360000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.600000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (magnetic ) Tj 43.080000 0.0 Td (pressure ) Tj 39.600000 0.0 Td (acts ) Tj 20.760000 0.0 Td (along ) Tj 26.880000 0.0 Td (q-\177 ) Tj 15.600000 0.0 Td (to ) Tj 12.480000 0.0 Td (contain ) Tj 34.680000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.040000 0.0 Td (plasma ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.920000 313.920000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.720000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 12.720000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.600000 0.0 Td (weak ) Tj 26.160000 0.0 Td (field ) Tj 23.280000 0.0 Td (region ) Tj 31.320000 0.0 Td (at ) Tj 13.080000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.480000 0.0 Td (centre ) Tj 30.600000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 12.360000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.240000 0.0 Td (reversal, ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 47.040000 303.120000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.200000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (whereas ) Tj 39.000000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.840000 0.0 Td (\(B. ) Tj 20.400000 0.0 Td (V\)B ) Tj 24.720000 0.0 Td (curvature ) Tj 45.480000 0.0 Td (force ) Tj 25.200000 0.0 Td (acts ) Tj 21.120000 0.0 Td (perpendic- ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 47.040000 294.600000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 7.920000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (ular ) Tj 22.080000 0.0 Td (to ) Tj 13.800000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.960000 0.0 Td (direction ) Tj 43.440000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 13.080000 0.0 Td (variation ) Tj 43.560000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 20.760000 0.0 Td (accelerates ) Tj 51.000000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.920000 282.840000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.240000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (plasma. ) Tj 38.280000 0.0 Td (The ) Tj 20.880000 0.0 Td (electric ) Tj 34.560000 0.0 Td (field ) Tj 21.960000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 11.640000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.280000 0.0 Td (simulation ) Tj 48.480000 0.0 Td (frame ) Tj 27.960000 0.0 Td (is: ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 155.280000 264.240000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.000000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (J ) Tj 8.520000 0.0 Td (A ) Tj 8.640000 0.0 Td (B ) Tj 22.920000 0.0 Td (V. ) Tj 15.240000 0.0 Td (7\177e ) Tj 26.040000 0.0 Td (Cei ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 83.640000 255.840000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 11.160000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (r, ) Tj 10.440000 0.0 Td (- ) Tj 11.040000 0.0 Td (-v ) Tj 13.320000 0.0 Td (i ) Tj 6.360000 0.0 Td (^ ) Tj 8.760000 0.0 Td (B ) Tj 94.920000 0.0 Td (I ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 162.240000 252.120000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 5.040000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (ne ) Tj 40.800000 0.0 Td (ne ) Tj 35.040000 0.0 Td (ne ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.680000 233.520000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.720000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (for ) Tj 15.120000 0.0 Td (single ) Tj 27.720000 0.0 Td (ion ) Tj 16.680000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 18.960000 0.0 Td (electron ) Tj 37.560000 0.0 Td (fluids ) Tj 26.400000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 11.160000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.040000 0.0 Td (hybrid ) Tj 30.840000 0.0 Td (limit ) Tj 23.520000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 128.880000 213.600000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.440000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (E ) Tj 10.680000 0.0 Td (- ) Tj 10.800000 0.0 Td (-v ) Tj 16.080000 0.0 Td (^ ) Tj 8.760000 0.0 Td (B ) Tj 10.440000 0.0 Td (+ ) Tj 89.640000 0.0 Td (\(2\) ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.560000 193.080000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 11.520000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (for ) Tj 15.960000 0.0 Td (MHD. ) Tj 30.840000 0.0 Td (In ) Tj 12.840000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.760000 0.0 Td (MHD ) Tj 27.840000 0.0 Td (limit ) Tj 24.240000 0.0 Td (v ) Tj 9.720000 0.0 Td (- ) Tj 10.680000 0.0 Td (v ) Tj 6.240000 0.0 Td (i ) Tj 6.960000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 12.480000 0.0 Td (\(2\) ) Tj 15.600000 0.0 Td (so ) Tj 12.720000 0.0 Td (E ) Tj 10.680000 0.0 Td (differs ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.920000 182.280000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.200000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (by ) Tj 14.760000 0.0 Td (a ) Tj 9.000000 0.0 Td (term ) Tj 24.840000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 12.120000 0.0 Td (order ) Tj 27.240000 0.0 Td (J ) Tj 9.000000 0.0 Td (A ) Tj 9.120000 0.0 Td (B/he ) Tj 27.960000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 12.360000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.000000 0.0 Td (hybrid ) Tj 32.280000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 19.800000 0.0 Td (MHD ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.800000 172.200000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.480000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (cases. ) Tj 28.920000 0.0 Td (We ) Tj 16.680000 0.0 Td (will ) Tj 18.360000 0.0 Td (see ) Tj 15.720000 0.0 Td (however ) Tj 37.800000 0.0 Td (that ) Tj 20.760000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 16.560000 0.0 Td (principal ) Tj 40.680000 0.0 Td (differences ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.680000 161.640000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.600000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 12.000000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.760000 0.0 Td (two ) Tj 19.560000 0.0 Td (solutions ) Tj 42.600000 0.0 Td (are ) Tj 17.040000 0.0 Td (characterised ) Tj 60.840000 0.0 Td (by ) Tj 14.040000 0.0 Td (differences ) Tj 48.600000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.800000 149.760000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 11.040000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (v ) Tj 6.240000 0.0 Td (i ) Tj 6.240000 0.0 Td (A ) Tj 8.640000 0.0 Td (B, ) Tj 14.400000 0.0 Td (which ) Tj 28.800000 0.0 Td (is ) Tj 10.080000 0.0 Td (large ) Tj 24.960000 0.0 Td (compared ) Tj 45.720000 0.0 Td (with ) Tj 22.800000 0.0 Td (J ) Tj 8.400000 0.0 Td (A ) Tj 8.520000 0.0 Td (B/he. ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 47.040000 125.640000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.640000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (3. ) Tj 19.440000 0.0 Td (Results ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 57.000000 106.200000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.600000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (The ) Tj 20.280000 0.0 Td (bulk ) Tj 22.320000 0.0 Td (parameters ) Tj 51.960000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 19.080000 0.0 Td (ion ) Tj 16.320000 0.0 Td (phase ) Tj 27.360000 0.0 Td (space ) Tj 26.160000 0.0 Td (for ) Tj 14.760000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 16.800000 0.0 Td (two ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.800000 95.280000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.200000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (simulations ) Tj 54.960000 0.0 Td (are ) Tj 18.120000 0.0 Td (shown ) Tj 32.160000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 13.320000 0.0 Td (Figure ) Tj 33.480000 0.0 Td (2 ) Tj 10.080000 0.0 Td (\(hybrid\) ) Tj 40.440000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 20.640000 0.0 Td (Fig- ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.800000 84.960000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.320000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (ure ) Tj 19.080000 0.0 Td (3 ) Tj 10.440000 0.0 Td (\(MHD ) Tj 32.880000 0.0 Td (scale\) ) Tj 29.760000 0.0 Td (plotted ) Tj 36.240000 0.0 Td (versus ) Tj 31.680000 0.0 Td (direction ) Tj 42.960000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 13.080000 0.0 Td (varia- ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.560000 76.320000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 7.920000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (tion ) Tj 22.440000 0.0 Td (across ) Tj 31.080000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 19.080000 0.0 Td (reversal ) Tj 38.640000 0.0 Td (z. ) Tj 16.320000 0.0 Td (In ) Tj 13.920000 0.0 Td (both ) Tj 25.200000 0.0 Td (cases ) Tj 26.040000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.720000 0.0 Td (central ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.920000 64.080000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.720000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (512 ) Tj 19.080000 0.0 Td (cells ) Tj 22.560000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 12.240000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.120000 0.0 Td (simulation ) Tj 49.920000 0.0 Td (box ) Tj 19.920000 0.0 Td (are ) Tj 17.280000 0.0 Td (shown ) Tj 30.960000 0.0 Td (correspond- ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.560000 52.920000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.680000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (ing ) Tj 17.400000 0.0 Td (to ) Tj 12.840000 0.0 Td (46 ) Tj 14.280000 0.0 Td (Rgi ) Tj 19.560000 0.0 Td (\(14.4c/wpi\) ) Tj 52.200000 0.0 Td (for ) Tj 15.960000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.120000 0.0 Td (hybrid ) Tj 32.160000 0.0 Td (run ) Tj 18.840000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 20.160000 0.0 Td (1026 ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 302.040000 550.800000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.800000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (Rgi ) Tj 19.560000 0.0 Td (\(329.6C/Wpi\) ) Tj 57.120000 0.0 Td (for ) Tj 16.320000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.000000 0.0 Td (MHD ) Tj 28.320000 0.0 Td (scale ) Tj 24.720000 0.0 Td (run. ) Tj 24.120000 0.0 Td (The ) Tj 21.000000 0.0 Td (param- ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 301.800000 540.360000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.320000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (eters ) Tj 25.320000 0.0 Td (are ) Tj 17.520000 0.0 Td (shown ) Tj 31.320000 0.0 Td (for ) Tj 16.680000 0.0 Td (t ) Tj 8.160000 0.0 Td (= ) Tj 12.120000 0.0 Td (9.8rgi, ) Tj 31.800000 0.0 Td (sufficiently ) Tj 50.760000 0.0 Td (late ) Tj 20.400000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 12.480000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 301.920000 530.400000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.600000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (simulations ) Tj 53.880000 0.0 Td (to ) Tj 13.320000 0.0 Td (correspond ) Tj 52.200000 0.0 Td (to ) Tj 13.080000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 19.440000 0.0 Td (\"post ) Tj 26.880000 0.0 Td (escape\" ) Tj 37.200000 0.0 Td (phase ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 301.800000 519.240000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.680000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 11.520000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 16.680000 0.0 Td (hybrid ) Tj 31.440000 0.0 Td (solution ) Tj 38.400000 0.0 Td ([Richardson ) Tj 54.720000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 19.200000 0.0 Td (Chapman, ) Tj 46.200000 0.0 Td (1994] ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 302.040000 509.640000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.480000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (when ) Tj 25.800000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.040000 0.0 Td (ions ) Tj 20.520000 0.0 Td (escape ) Tj 31.320000 0.0 Td (from ) Tj 23.520000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.040000 0.0 Td (reversal ) Tj 36.480000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 19.080000 0.0 Td (can ) Tj 17.880000 0.0 Td (be ) Tj 13.200000 0.0 Td (seen ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 302.040000 498.960000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.600000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (to ) Tj 12.480000 0.0 Td (be ) Tj 13.560000 0.0 Td (moving ) Tj 35.040000 0.0 Td (towards ) Tj 37.680000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.400000 0.0 Td (boundaries. ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 312.480000 488.400000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.600000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (Electromagnetic ) Tj 86.280000 0.0 Td (Fields: ) Tj 38.160000 0.0 Td (From ) Tj 27.000000 0.0 Td (early ) Tj 25.080000 0.0 Td (times ) Tj 27.240000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 12.120000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 302.280000 477.600000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.200000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (hybrid ) Tj 31.680000 0.0 Td (solution ) Tj 38.400000 0.0 Td (a ) Tj 8.520000 0.0 Td (bipolar ) Tj 34.440000 0.0 Td (B ) Tj 7.680000 0.0 Td (u ) Tj 8.160000 0.0 Td (component ) Tj 51.120000 0.0 Td (evolves ) Tj 34.080000 0.0 Td (as ) Tj 12.120000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 305.040000 458.880000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 6.840000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (Time=9.8e+00 ) Tj 44.760000 0.0 Td (Tgi ) Tj 74.280000 0.0 Td (HYBRID ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 303.480000 431.400000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 5.640000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (Vx\(l\) ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 303.480000 413.880000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 5.640000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (Vx\(r\) ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 303.360000 397.440000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 4.680000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (Ez ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 303.480000 378.840000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 5.880000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (Ey ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 303.600000 361.440000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 5.760000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (Bx,By ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 303.600000 344.400000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 5.640000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (nl,nr ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 303.840000 326.760000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 5.760000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (\(J^B\)x ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 303.960000 309.000000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 6.120000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (\(J^B\)y ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 303.840000 291.960000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 5.760000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (\(J^B\)z ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 303.720000 275.400000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 4.800000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (Viz ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 303.960000 257.040000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 5.760000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (\(Vi^B,J^B/ne\) ) Tj 36.720000 0.0 Td (x ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 303.960000 239.520000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 6.000000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (\(Vi^BJ^B/ne\)y ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 303.840000 222.360000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 5.760000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (\(Vi^B,J^B/ne\)z ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 303.840000 204.840000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 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24.480000 0.0 Td (0 ) Tj 20.400000 0.0 Td (2 ) Tj 34.320000 0.0 Td (-2 ) Tj 24.360000 0.0 Td (0 ) Tj 20.280000 0.0 Td (2 ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 327.720000 486.000000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 6.000000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (Vperpl ) Tj 20.760000 0.0 Td (I ) Tj 3.480000 0.0 Td (Va,x ) Tj 55.080000 0.0 Td (Vperp21 ) Tj 24.000000 0.0 Td (Va,x ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 332.160000 474.000000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 5.760000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (T= ) Tj 8.760000 0.0 Td (9.8 ) Tj 9.240000 0.0 Td (Tgi ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 313.800000 460.440000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 7.320000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (2 ) Tj 79.440000 0.0 Td (2 ) Tj 69.000000 0.0 Td (\177 ) Tj 9.840000 0.0 Td (2 ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 302.520000 432.120000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 15.480000 Tf 11.280000 0.0 Td (o ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 319.320000 410.760000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 5.520000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (-2 ) Tj 24.360000 0.0 Td (0 ) Tj 20.400000 0.0 Td (2 ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 328.200000 402.840000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 5.880000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (\177perpl ) Tj 20.640000 0.0 Td (I ) Tj 3.480000 0.0 Td (\177,x ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 314.160000 378.960000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 5.400000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (2 ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 332.520000 390.840000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 5.760000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (T- ) Tj 8.760000 0.0 Td (9.8 ) Tj 9.240000 0.0 Td (Tgi ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.680000 339.000000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 11.040000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (magnetic ) Tj 41.760000 0.0 Td (field ) Tj 21.720000 0.0 Td (rotates ) Tj 32.520000 0.0 Td (out ) Tj 16.920000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 10.680000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 16.440000 0.0 Td (x, ) Tj 10.440000 0.0 Td (z ) Tj 7.560000 0.0 Td (plane ) Tj 25.800000 0.0 Td (across ) Tj 28.560000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 16.440000 0.0 Td (re- ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.560000 330.000000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.600000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (versal. ) Tj 32.160000 0.0 Td (The ) Tj 19.800000 0.0 Td (MHD ) Tj 26.760000 0.0 Td (scale ) Tj 23.040000 0.0 Td (solution ) Tj 36.840000 0.0 Td (does ) Tj 21.480000 0.0 Td (not ) Tj 16.680000 0.0 Td (develop ) Tj 35.040000 0.0 Td (signifi- ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.680000 318.600000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.440000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (cant ) Tj 21.240000 0.0 Td (By ) Tj 14.760000 0.0 Td (i.e. ) Tj 17.400000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 16.680000 0.0 Td (magnetic ) Tj 41.880000 0.0 Td (field ) Tj 21.120000 0.0 Td (remains ) Tj 36.360000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 10.920000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 16.320000 0.0 Td (x, ) Tj 10.320000 0.0 Td (z ) Tj 7.680000 0.0 Td (plane. ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.680000 309.000000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.600000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (In ) Tj 13.200000 0.0 Td (both ) Tj 24.240000 0.0 Td (cases ) Tj 26.040000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.000000 0.0 Td (B= ) Tj 16.560000 0.0 Td (component ) Tj 51.720000 0.0 Td (reverses ) Tj 37.920000 0.0 Td (sharply ) Tj 35.640000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 12.480000 0.0 Td (a ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.800000 298.200000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.840000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (central ) Tj 34.200000 0.0 Td (region ) Tj 31.320000 0.0 Td (where ) Tj 30.120000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.240000 0.0 Td (density ) Tj 35.520000 0.0 Td (is ) Tj 11.160000 0.0 Td (strongly ) Tj 39.360000 0.0 Td (enhanced ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.800000 287.880000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.960000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 19.560000 0.0 Td (is ) Tj 10.560000 0.0 Td (slightly ) Tj 35.640000 0.0 Td (depressed ) Tj 45.600000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 11.880000 0.0 Td (a ) Tj 8.760000 0.0 Td (region ) Tj 29.400000 0.0 Td (just ) Tj 20.640000 0.0 Td (outside. ) Tj 39.240000 0.0 Td (This ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.200000 276.240000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 13.080000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (depression ) Tj 48.960000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 12.240000 0.0 Td (B= ) Tj 15.600000 0.0 Td (just ) Tj 20.880000 0.0 Td (outside ) Tj 34.920000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.760000 0.0 Td (reversal ) Tj 36.840000 0.0 Td (is ) Tj 10.560000 0.0 Td (physically ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.200000 264.120000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 16.920000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (different ) Tj 40.440000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 12.720000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.240000 0.0 Td (two ) Tj 19.800000 0.0 Td (solutions, ) Tj 45.480000 0.0 Td (however. ) Tj 44.640000 0.0 Td (In ) Tj 13.200000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.880000 0.0 Td (hybrid ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.200000 255.240000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.720000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (case, ) Tj 23.520000 0.0 Td (B\177 ) Tj 15.240000 0.0 Td (is ) Tj 9.720000 0.0 Td (depressed ) Tj 44.880000 0.0 Td (as ) Tj 11.520000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 16.440000 0.0 Td (local ) Tj 23.160000 0.0 Td (density ) Tj 33.600000 0.0 Td (is ) Tj 9.360000 0.0 Td (increased ) Tj 42.960000 0.0 Td (by ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.200000 244.560000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.960000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.400000 0.0 Td (ions ) Tj 20.880000 0.0 Td (escaping ) Tj 40.920000 0.0 Td (from ) Tj 24.000000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.640000 0.0 Td (reversal. ) Tj 41.280000 0.0 Td (In ) Tj 12.720000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.520000 0.0 Td (MHD ) Tj 27.720000 0.0 Td (scale ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.200000 234.240000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.600000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (case, ) Tj 25.200000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.000000 0.0 Td (local ) Tj 25.200000 0.0 Td (density ) Tj 35.520000 0.0 Td (is ) Tj 11.040000 0.0 Td (decreased ) Tj 45.960000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 12.720000 0.0 Td (this ) Tj 20.400000 0.0 Td (region, ) Tj 33.960000 0.0 Td (ac- ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.320000 223.680000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.720000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (companied ) Tj 50.640000 0.0 Td (by ) Tj 14.160000 0.0 Td (an ) Tj 13.920000 0.0 Td (increase ) Tj 38.040000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 11.880000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.400000 0.0 Td (vz ) Tj 12.960000 0.0 Td (component ) Tj 51.000000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 11.760000 0.0 Td (bulk ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.320000 212.400000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.440000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (velocity ) Tj 37.560000 0.0 Td (into ) Tj 21.720000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.000000 0.0 Td (reversal ) Tj 37.560000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 20.040000 0.0 Td (an ) Tj 14.760000 0.0 Td (accompanying ) Tj 65.520000 0.0 Td (signa- ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.320000 201.840000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.440000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (ture ) Tj 21.360000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 12.120000 0.0 Td (E\177 ) Tj 15.600000 0.0 Td (- ) Tj 11.520000 0.0 Td (-vzB\177. ) Tj 37.320000 0.0 Td (This ) Tj 23.040000 0.0 Td (compressional ) Tj 64.200000 0.0 Td (mode ) Tj 27.000000 0.0 Td (has\177 ) Tj 18.120000 0.0 Td (an ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.440000 192.000000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 11.280000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (analogue ) Tj 42.840000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 13.200000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.600000 0.0 Td (hybrid ) Tj 32.880000 0.0 Td (solution ) Tj 39.120000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 12.960000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.120000 0.0 Td (form ) Tj 24.840000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 12.840000 0.0 Td (a ) Tj 9.240000 0.0 Td (fast ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.440000 181.560000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.960000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (mode ) Tj 26.520000 0.0 Td (wavepacket ) Tj 52.560000 0.0 Td (which ) Tj 28.200000 0.0 Td (is ) Tj 9.720000 0.0 Td (generated ) Tj 45.360000 0.0 Td (at ) Tj 11.520000 0.0 Td (early ) Tj 24.360000 0.0 Td (times ) Tj 26.400000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.320000 171.720000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.360000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (which ) Tj 29.040000 0.0 Td (has ) Tj 18.240000 0.0 Td (moved ) Tj 31.920000 0.0 Td (out ) Tj 18.000000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 11.640000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.520000 0.0 Td (simulation ) Tj 49.080000 0.0 Td (box. ) Tj 23.640000 0.0 Td (A ) Tj 11.040000 0.0 Td (bipolar ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.680000 159.240000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 11.520000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (E\177 ) Tj 14.880000 0.0 Td (\(with ) Tj 25.320000 0.0 Td (corresponding ) Tj 64.440000 0.0 Td (\(v ) Tj 9.360000 0.0 Td (i ) Tj 6.480000 0.0 Td (A ) Tj 8.760000 0.0 Td (B\)\177\) ) Tj 22.680000 0.0 Td (evolves ) Tj 33.120000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 10.800000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 16.440000 0.0 Td (hybrid ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.560000 150.120000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.720000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (case ) Tj 21.480000 0.0 Td (over ) Tj 22.200000 0.0 Td (a ) Tj 9.120000 0.0 Td (region ) Tj 30.360000 0.0 Td (occupied ) Tj 42.360000 0.0 Td (by ) Tj 14.040000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.640000 0.0 Td (escaping ) Tj 40.440000 0.0 Td (ions. ) Tj 26.040000 0.0 Td (The ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.680000 139.320000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.200000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (E\177 ) Tj 15.600000 0.0 Td (component ) Tj 51.960000 0.0 Td (\(not ) Tj 21.240000 0.0 Td (shown\) ) Tj 34.080000 0.0 Td (is ) Tj 9.960000 0.0 Td (within ) Tj 31.080000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.280000 0.0 Td (noise ) Tj 24.600000 0.0 Td (levels ) Tj 26.640000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.440000 127.800000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 11.040000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.240000 0.0 Td (simulations ) Tj 54.120000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 12.840000 0.0 Td (both ) Tj 24.360000 0.0 Td (cases. ) Tj 31.920000 0.0 Td (The ) Tj 21.360000 0.0 Td (terms ) Tj 28.560000 0.0 Td (v ) Tj 6.000000 0.0 Td (i ) Tj 6.360000 0.0 Td (A ) Tj 8.880000 0.0 Td (B ) Tj 12.240000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.560000 116.640000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.320000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (J ) Tj 8.640000 0.0 Td (A ) Tj 8.880000 0.0 Td (B/ne ) Tj 26.520000 0.0 Td (are ) Tj 16.680000 0.0 Td (plotted ) Tj 33.840000 0.0 Td (on ) Tj 13.440000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 16.800000 0.0 Td (same ) Tj 24.600000 0.0 Td (scales ) Tj 27.120000 0.0 Td (for ) Tj 14.880000 0.0 Td (comparison ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.800000 105.120000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 11.040000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 20.760000 0.0 Td (at ) Tj 13.440000 0.0 Td (this ) Tj 21.240000 0.0 Td (stage ) Tj 26.880000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 13.080000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.600000 0.0 Td (simulations ) Tj 53.880000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.480000 0.0 Td (v ) Tj 6.000000 0.0 Td (i ) Tj 6.360000 0.0 Td (A ) Tj 8.640000 0.0 Td (B ) Tj 12.600000 0.0 Td (term ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.680000 94.200000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.560000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (dominates, ) Tj 51.720000 0.0 Td (that ) Tj 22.200000 0.0 Td (is, ) Tj 13.680000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.760000 0.0 Td (J ) Tj 8.520000 0.0 Td (A ) Tj 8.760000 0.0 Td (B/ne ) Tj 27.480000 0.0 Td (term ) Tj 24.360000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 12.000000 0.0 Td (equation ) Tj 41.880000 0.0 Td (\(1\) ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.680000 84.480000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.360000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (does ) Tj 22.920000 0.0 Td (not ) Tj 18.000000 0.0 Td (account ) Tj 37.440000 0.0 Td (for ) Tj 15.600000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.520000 0.0 Td (differences ) Tj 48.720000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 12.240000 0.0 Td (E ) Tj 10.680000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 11.880000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.400000 0.0 Td (hybrid ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.920000 75.240000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 7.680000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 19.440000 0.0 Td (MHD ) Tj 27.720000 0.0 Td (scale ) Tj 24.480000 0.0 Td (solutions. ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 57.120000 63.240000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.600000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (Bulk ) Tj 29.280000 0.0 Td (Plasma ) Tj 42.120000 0.0 Td (Acceleration: ) Tj 72.960000 0.0 Td (The ) Tj 21.720000 0.0 Td (components ) Tj 56.160000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 46.800000 52.440000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.320000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (J ) Tj 8.520000 0.0 Td (^ ) Tj 8.760000 0.0 Td (B ) Tj 12.120000 0.0 Td (are ) Tj 17.400000 0.0 Td (also ) Tj 21.000000 0.0 Td (shown ) Tj 30.960000 0.0 Td (on ) Tj 14.400000 0.0 Td (Figures ) Tj 36.480000 0.0 Td (2-3 ) Tj 17.640000 0.0 Td (\(normalized ) Tj 55.080000 0.0 Td (to ) Tj 12.600000 0.0 Td (x ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 319.440000 327.600000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 5.640000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (-2 ) Tj 24.480000 0.0 Td (0 ) Tj 20.400000 0.0 Td (2 ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 334.560000 319.920000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 5.520000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (Vz ) Tj 8.400000 0.0 Td (/ ) Tj 3.360000 0.0 Td (Va,x ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 332.880000 307.560000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 5.760000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (T- ) Tj 8.760000 0.0 Td (9.8 ) Tj 9.240000 0.0 Td (Tgi ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 477.000000 494.160000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 5.520000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (-2 ) Tj 24.360000 0.0 Td (0 ) Tj 20.280000 0.0 Td (2 ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 398.520000 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0 0 0 rg /F0 9.600000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 12.480000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.600000 0.0 Td (reversal. ) Tj 44.640000 0.0 Td (These ) Tj 30.120000 0.0 Td (show ) Tj 25.920000 0.0 Td (projections ) Tj 52.560000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 12.240000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.360000 0.0 Td (distri- ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 47.160000 203.760000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 11.280000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (bution ) Tj 32.520000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 12.720000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.880000 0.0 Td (wit, ) Tj 14.040000 0.0 Td (vii ) Tj 19.920000 0.0 Td (plane ) Tj 27.480000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 19.920000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.120000 0.0 Td (v\361],vl2 ) Tj 39.480000 0.0 Td (plane, ) Tj 30.120000 0.0 Td (at ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 47.280000 193.320000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 12.120000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (t ) Tj 7.320000 0.0 Td (= ) Tj 11.040000 0.0 Td (0 ) Tj 9.000000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 20.160000 0.0 Td (at ) Tj 12.600000 0.0 Td (th ) Tj 9.480000 0.0 Td (e ) Tj 8.520000 0.0 Td (time ) Tj 23.400000 0.0 Td (shown ) Tj 30.720000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 12.120000 0.0 Td (Figures ) Tj 36.240000 0.0 Td (2 ) Tj 8.640000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 19.680000 0.0 Td (3 ) Tj 9.120000 0.0 Td (\(with ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 47.160000 181.200000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 11.400000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (vii ) Tj 12.960000 0.0 Td (directed ) Tj 39.000000 0.0 Td (along ) Tj 26.760000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.280000 0.0 Td (local ) Tj 24.000000 0.0 Td (B, ) Tj 14.160000 0.0 Td (viz ) Tj 18.960000 0.0 Td (lies ) Tj 17.400000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 11.400000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.160000 0.0 Td (x, ) Tj 10.440000 0.0 Td (z ) Tj 8.280000 0.0 Td (plane ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 47.280000 169.800000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 11.280000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 20.160000 0.0 Td (vii ) Tj 10.200000 0.0 Td (, ) Tj 3.840000 0.0 Td (vii, ) Tj 20.280000 0.0 Td (vl2 ) Tj 19.560000 0.0 Td (form ) Tj 24.720000 0.0 Td (a ) Tj 8.760000 0.0 Td (right ) Tj 24.960000 0.0 Td (handed ) Tj 35.640000 0.0 Td (cartesian ) Tj 42.600000 0.0 Td (coordi- ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 47.280000 158.760000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.200000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (nate ) Tj 23.160000 0.0 Td (system\). ) Tj 43.560000 0.0 Td (The ) Tj 21.720000 0.0 Td (t ) Tj 7.920000 0.0 Td (\177 ) Tj 11.520000 0.0 Td (0 ) Tj 9.000000 0.0 Td (distributions ) Tj 59.280000 0.0 Td (are ) Tj 17.400000 0.0 Td (also ) Tj 20.520000 0.0 Td (shown ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 47.280000 147.840000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.560000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (Plotted ) Tj 34.200000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 11.280000 0.0 Td (vx, ) Tj 14.520000 0.0 Td (vy, ) Tj 14.280000 0.0 Td (vz ) Tj 12.360000 0.0 Td (space, ) Tj 29.280000 0.0 Td (corresponding ) Tj 63.720000 0.0 Td (to ) Tj 11.520000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 16.800000 0.0 Td (approx- ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 47.280000 138.000000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.200000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (imately ) Tj 37.320000 0.0 Td (GSE ) Tj 24.120000 0.0 Td (coordinate ) Tj 50.280000 0.0 Td (system ) Tj 33.840000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 12.000000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.880000 0.0 Td (simulation ) Tj 49.440000 0.0 Td (\(see ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 47.280000 127.200000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.320000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (Figure ) Tj 32.760000 0.0 Td (1\). ) Tj 16.560000 0.0 Td (\177om ) Tj 26.760000 0.0 Td (Figure ) Tj 32.160000 0.0 Td (4 ) Tj 8.520000 0.0 Td (we ) Tj 15.120000 0.0 Td (see ) Tj 16.320000 0.0 Td (that ) Tj 21.960000 0.0 Td (inside ) Tj 28.440000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.520000 0.0 Td (rever- ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 47.400000 117.000000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.200000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (sal ) Tj 16.200000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.720000 0.0 Td (MHD ) Tj 29.040000 0.0 Td (scale ) Tj 25.440000 0.0 Td (solution ) Tj 39.600000 0.0 Td (\(A,B\) ) Tj 29.040000 0.0 Td (is ) Tj 11.160000 0.0 Td (characterised ) Tj 61.200000 0.0 Td (by ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 47.520000 106.560000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.960000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (an ) Tj 14.040000 0.0 Td (isotropic ) Tj 41.280000 0.0 Td (ion ) Tj 17.280000 0.0 Td (distribution ) Tj 54.840000 0.0 Td (throughout ) Tj 52.440000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.400000 0.0 Td (run ) Tj 18.360000 0.0 Td (which ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 47.400000 96.240000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.600000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (is ) Tj 10.320000 0.0 Td (heated ) Tj 32.400000 0.0 Td (to ) Tj 12.600000 0.0 Td (maximum ) Tj 47.160000 0.0 Td (thermal ) Tj 37.440000 0.0 Td (speed ) Tj 27.960000 0.0 Td (.\177 ) Tj 10.560000 0.0 Td (V\177 ) Tj 18.240000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 19.200000 0.0 Td (which ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 47.640000 86.280000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.000000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (has ) Tj 18.000000 0.0 Td (a ) Tj 8.400000 0.0 Td (cross ) Tj 24.720000 0.0 Td (field ) Tj 22.320000 0.0 Td (bulk ) Tj 22.800000 0.0 Td (motion ) Tj 33.960000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 11.640000 0.0 Td (.\177 ) Tj 10.560000 0.0 Td (0.5V\177 ) Tj 31.080000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 11.640000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.520000 0.0 Td (+x ) Tj 16.560000 0.0 Td (di- ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 300.120000 734.400000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.320000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (rection. ) Tj 37.200000 0.0 Td (In ) Tj 11.760000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 16.920000 0.0 Td (hybrid ) Tj 31.080000 0.0 Td (case ) Tj 20.760000 0.0 Td (\(C, ) Tj 15.720000 0.0 Td (D\) ) Tj 14.280000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 16.440000 0.0 Td (ion ) Tj 16.200000 0.0 Td (f\(v\) ) Tj 22.080000 0.0 Td (is ) Tj 9.480000 0.0 Td (heated ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 300.360000 724.200000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.680000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (more ) Tj 25.200000 0.0 Td (strongly ) Tj 39.120000 0.0 Td (along ) Tj 26.640000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.040000 0.0 Td (field ) Tj 21.960000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 19.320000 0.0 Td (has ) Tj 17.880000 0.0 Td (a ) Tj 8.280000 0.0 Td (cross ) Tj 24.360000 0.0 Td (field ) Tj 21.600000 0.0 Td (drift ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 300.240000 713.880000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.600000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 11.760000 0.0 Td (both ) Tj 23.400000 0.0 Td (x ) Tj 9.000000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 19.440000 0.0 Td (y ) Tj 8.280000 0.0 Td (which ) Tj 28.440000 0.0 Td (is ) Tj 9.960000 0.0 Td (higher ) Tj 30.360000 0.0 Td (also ) Tj 20.040000 0.0 Td (.\177 ) Tj 10.320000 0.0 Td (0.5- ) Tj 24.480000 0.0 Td (1V\177. ) Tj 27.000000 0.0 Td (Just ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 300.480000 702.120000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.200000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (outside ) Tj 34.200000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 10.680000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 16.920000 0.0 Td (reversal ) Tj 36.960000 0.0 Td (\(Figure ) Tj 34.560000 0.0 Td (5\) ) Tj 11.400000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 11.040000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 16.800000 0.0 Td (MHD ) Tj 27.000000 0.0 Td (scale ) Tj 23.160000 0.0 Td (case ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 300.960000 691.560000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.320000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (\(A, ) Tj 16.560000 0.0 Td (B\) ) Tj 13.800000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 16.920000 0.0 Td (ion ) Tj 16.680000 0.0 Td (f\(v\) ) Tj 22.560000 0.0 Td (is ) Tj 9.720000 0.0 Td (almost ) Tj 31.800000 0.0 Td (unchanged ) Tj 48.960000 0.0 Td (from ) Tj 23.040000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 16.680000 0.0 Td (input ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 300.480000 681.720000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.360000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (distribution, ) Tj 58.800000 0.0 Td (it ) Tj 11.040000 0.0 Td (has ) Tj 18.600000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.120000 0.0 Td (same ) Tj 25.680000 0.0 Td (temperature ) Tj 57.960000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 20.160000 0.0 Td (a ) Tj 9.000000 0.0 Td (cross ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 300.360000 670.800000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.200000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (field ) Tj 21.480000 0.0 Td (drift, ) Tj 24.840000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 11.760000 0.0 Td (+z ) Tj 15.960000 0.0 Td (\(this ) Tj 22.560000 0.0 Td (distribution ) Tj 53.760000 0.0 Td (is ) Tj 9.360000 0.0 Td (taken ) Tj 26.760000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 11.040000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 16.680000 0.0 Td (region ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 300.600000 660.000000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.440000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (where ) Tj 29.760000 0.0 Td (there ) Tj 26.640000 0.0 Td (is ) Tj 10.920000 0.0 Td (significant ) Tj 48.480000 0.0 Td (Ey\). ) Tj 25.440000 0.0 Td (In ) Tj 13.320000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.000000 0.0 Td (hybrid ) Tj 32.280000 0.0 Td (case ) Tj 22.200000 0.0 Td (\(C, ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 300.480000 649.920000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.080000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (D\) ) Tj 14.880000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.040000 0.0 Td (escaping ) Tj 40.320000 0.0 Td (ions ) Tj 20.520000 0.0 Td (can ) Tj 18.240000 0.0 Td (be ) Tj 13.320000 0.0 Td (clearly ) Tj 31.800000 0.0 Td (seen, ) Tj 24.360000 0.0 Td (moving ) Tj 34.680000 0.0 Td (out ) Tj 17.400000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 300.600000 639.600000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.600000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.040000 0.0 Td (reversal ) Tj 36.840000 0.0 Td (along ) Tj 26.400000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 16.800000 0.0 Td (field ) Tj 21.360000 0.0 Td (with ) Tj 22.560000 0.0 Td (up ) Tj 14.040000 0.0 Td (to ) Tj 12.240000 0.0 Td (.\177 ) Tj 10.440000 0.0 Td (2V\177. ) Tj 27.000000 0.0 Td (In ) Tj 12.120000 0.0 Td (a ) Tj 7.920000 0.0 Td (suf- ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 300.600000 629.040000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.600000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (ficiently ) Tj 37.800000 0.0 Td (large ) Tj 24.960000 0.0 Td (simulation ) Tj 48.600000 0.0 Td (box ) Tj 18.960000 0.0 Td (this ) Tj 19.440000 0.0 Td (unstable ) Tj 39.960000 0.0 Td (distribution ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 300.720000 618.720000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.480000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (would ) Tj 29.400000 0.0 Td (ultimately ) Tj 48.480000 0.0 Td (thermalize. ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 300.840000 592.560000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.880000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (4. ) Tj 20.040000 0.0 Td (Conclusions ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 310.920000 573.000000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.600000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (For ) Tj 20.280000 0.0 Td (a ) Tj 10.560000 0.0 Td (simple ) Tj 33.720000 0.0 Td (dipolarizing ) Tj 57.000000 0.0 Td (reversal, ) Tj 42.240000 0.0 Td (we ) Tj 16.920000 0.0 Td (have ) Tj 24.840000 0.0 Td (found ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 300.840000 562.680000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.480000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (that ) Tj 22.560000 0.0 Td (important ) Tj 48.480000 0.0 Td (features ) Tj 38.760000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 12.120000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.240000 0.0 Td (hybrid ) Tj 32.520000 0.0 Td (solution ) Tj 38.520000 0.0 Td (cannot ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 300.960000 552.000000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.720000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (be ) Tj 15.960000 0.0 Td (\"coarse ) Tj 35.040000 0.0 Td (grained\" ) Tj 42.000000 0.0 Td (to ) Tj 13.200000 0.0 Td (yield ) Tj 25.200000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.480000 0.0 Td (MHD ) Tj 28.560000 0.0 Td (scale ) Tj 24.840000 0.0 Td (solution. ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 300.840000 543.480000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 7.800000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (It ) Tj 12.240000 0.0 Td (should ) Tj 33.000000 0.0 Td (be ) Tj 15.000000 0.0 Td (stressed ) Tj 38.760000 0.0 Td (that ) Tj 22.680000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.600000 0.0 Td (details ) Tj 32.760000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 12.480000 0.0 Td (these ) Tj 26.760000 0.0 Td (results ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 300.960000 531.360000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.480000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (will ) Tj 21.360000 0.0 Td (differ ) Tj 27.840000 0.0 Td (for ) Tj 18.000000 0.0 Td (different ) Tj 41.640000 0.0 Td (systems, ) Tj 42.600000 0.0 Td (or ) Tj 14.280000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 14.040000 0.0 Td (more ) Tj 26.880000 0.0 Td (realistic ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 300.960000 520.440000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.200000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (geometries ) Tj 51.240000 0.0 Td (\(allowing ) Tj 43.920000 0.0 Td (quantities ) Tj 46.920000 0.0 Td (to ) Tj 13.080000 0.0 Td (vary ) Tj 23.280000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 12.480000 0.0 Td (three ) Tj 26.400000 0.0 Td (space ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 301.200000 509.880000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.080000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (coordinates\). ) Tj 63.720000 0.0 Td (Nevertheless ) Tj 58.560000 0.0 Td (this ) Tj 20.400000 0.0 Td (example ) Tj 40.080000 0.0 Td (demonstrates ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 301.200000 499.560000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.960000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.160000 0.0 Td (importance ) Tj 52.920000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 11.280000 0.0 Td (resolving ) Tj 41.880000 0.0 Td (selfconsistently ) Tj 68.640000 0.0 Td (on ) Tj 13.680000 0.0 Td (ion ) Tj 16.320000 0.0 Td (Lar- ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 301.320000 489.120000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.600000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (mor ) Tj 22.200000 0.0 Td (scales ) Tj 29.760000 0.0 Td (a ) Tj 9.960000 0.0 Td (plasma ) Tj 35.760000 0.0 Td (configuration ) Tj 61.920000 0.0 Td (that ) Tj 23.160000 0.0 Td (energizes ) Tj 43.680000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 301.200000 478.800000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.360000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (ions. ) Tj 26.760000 0.0 Td (This ) Tj 23.640000 0.0 Td (has ) Tj 18.600000 0.0 Td (relevance ) Tj 43.920000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 12.480000 0.0 Td (particular ) Tj 46.680000 0.0 Td (for ) Tj 15.960000 0.0 Td (recent ) Tj 30.480000 0.0 Td (stud- ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 301.200000 467.880000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.720000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (ies ) Tj 14.640000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 11.160000 0.0 Td (ion ) Tj 16.680000 0.0 Td (energization ) Tj 56.760000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 19.320000 0.0 Td (predictions ) Tj 51.000000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 11.280000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.040000 0.0 Td (ion ) Tj 16.680000 0.0 Td (distri- ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 281.640000 455.640000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 11.400000 Tf 19.680000 0.0 Td (bution ) Tj 32.400000 0.0 Td (function ) Tj 40.440000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 12.600000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 18.000000 0.0 Td (geotail ) Tj 33.000000 0.0 Td (that ) Tj 22.320000 0.0 Td (involve ) Tj 34.320000 0.0 Td (integrating ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 301.200000 446.880000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.600000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (large ) Tj 24.720000 0.0 Td (numbers ) Tj 40.560000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 11.160000 0.0 Td (test ) Tj 19.680000 0.0 Td (particle ) Tj 35.760000 0.0 Td (trajectories ) Tj 52.560000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 11.520000 0.0 Td (prescribed ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 301.080000 436.200000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.200000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (fields ) Tj 26.040000 0.0 Td (obtained ) Tj 41.640000 0.0 Td (on ) Tj 14.160000 0.0 Td (MHD ) Tj 27.600000 0.0 Td (scales ) Tj 28.440000 0.0 Td (\(i.e. ) Tj 21.000000 0.0 Td (larger ) Tj 28.200000 0.0 Td (than ) Tj 23.400000 0.0 Td (ion ) Tj 16.680000 0.0 Td (gy- ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 301.440000 425.640000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 10.080000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 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Td (was ) Tj 18.120000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 11.280000 0.0 Td (part ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 301.440000 373.560000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.120000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (supported ) Tj 43.680000 0.0 Td (by ) Tj 13.440000 0.0 Td (a ) Tj 7.440000 0.0 Td (Nuffield ) Tj 34.920000 0.0 Td (Foundation ) Tj 48.960000 0.0 Td (Research ) Tj 38.880000 0.0 Td (Fellowship. ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 301.320000 352.440000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.760000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (References ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 301.440000 329.880000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.520000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (Ashour-Abdalla, ) Tj 71.280000 0.0 Td (M., ) Tj 17.760000 0.0 Td (L. ) Tj 12.360000 0.0 Td (M. ) Tj 15.120000 0.0 Td (Zelenyi, ) Tj 35.280000 0.0 Td (V. ) Tj 13.440000 0.0 Td (Peroomian ) Tj 47.160000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 18.600000 0.0 Td (R. ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 310.800000 319.680000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.640000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (L. ) Tj 12.360000 0.0 Td (Richard, ) Tj 39.240000 0.0 Td (Consequences ) Tj 59.400000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 11.520000 0.0 Td (magnetotail ) Tj 51.960000 0.0 Td (ion ) Tj 16.560000 0.0 Td (dynamics, ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 311.520000 309.840000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.400000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (J. ) Tj 11.280000 0.0 Td (Geophys. ) Tj 40.320000 0.0 Td (Res., ) Tj 22.560000 0.0 Td (99, ) Tj 15.360000 0.0 Td (14891, ) Tj 28.680000 0.0 Td (1994 ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 301.560000 299.880000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.640000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (Joyce, ) Tj 29.640000 0.0 Td (G., ) Tj 17.520000 0.0 Td (J. ) Tj 11.760000 0.0 Td (Chen, ) Tj 28.680000 0.0 Td (S. ) Tj 12.240000 0.0 Td (Slinker, ) Tj 34.680000 0.0 Td (D. ) Tj 14.280000 0.0 Td (L. ) Tj 12.720000 0.0 Td (Holland, ) Tj 39.120000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 19.200000 0.0 Td (J. ) Tj 11.400000 0.0 Td (B. ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 310.680000 289.800000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.640000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (Harold, ) Tj 33.840000 0.0 Td (Particle ) Tj 35.160000 0.0 Td (energization ) Tj 52.440000 0.0 Td (near ) Tj 21.240000 0.0 Td (an ) Tj 12.960000 0.0 Td (X ) Tj 10.320000 0.0 Td (line ) Tj 17.880000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 11.160000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 16.200000 0.0 Td (mag- ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 310.920000 279.840000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.240000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (netotail ) Tj 34.920000 0.0 Td (based ) Tj 26.760000 0.0 Td (on ) Tj 13.800000 0.0 Td (global ) Tj 28.080000 0.0 Td (MHD ) Tj 26.160000 0.0 Td (fields, ) Tj 28.200000 0.0 Td (J. ) Tj 12.120000 0.0 Td (Geophys. ) Tj 41.760000 0.0 Td (Res., ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 311.400000 269.880000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.160000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (100, ) Tj 19.560000 0.0 Td (19167, ) Tj 29.040000 0.0 Td (1995 ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 301.440000 259.920000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.640000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (Krauss-Varban, ) Tj 66.120000 0.0 Td (D., ) Tj 15.000000 0.0 Td (N. ) Tj 12.000000 0.0 Td (Omidi, ) Tj 30.720000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 17.280000 0.0 Td (K. ) Tj 12.480000 0.0 Td (B. ) Tj 11.760000 0.0 Td (Quest, ) Tj 28.800000 0.0 Td (Mode ) Tj 24.840000 0.0 Td (prop- ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 311.040000 249.840000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.000000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (erties ) Tj 24.960000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 10.680000 0.0 Td (low-frequency ) Tj 59.280000 0.0 Td (wave: ) Tj 26.640000 0.0 Td (Kinetic ) Tj 32.520000 0.0 Td (theory ) Tj 29.280000 0.0 Td (versus ) Tj 27.720000 0.0 Td (Hall- ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 311.160000 239.880000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.400000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (MHD, ) Tj 28.680000 0.0 Td (J. ) Tj 11.520000 0.0 Td (Geophys. ) Tj 40.200000 0.0 Td (Res., ) Tj 22.320000 0.0 Td (99, ) Tj 15.120000 0.0 Td (5987, ) Tj 24.480000 0.0 Td (1994 ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 301.440000 229.800000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.640000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (Lin, ) Tj 20.880000 0.0 Td (Y., ) Tj 17.280000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 19.320000 0.0 Td (L. ) Tj 12.960000 0.0 Td (C. ) Tj 13.440000 0.0 Td (Lee, ) Tj 21.720000 0.0 Td (Structure ) Tj 42.240000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 11.880000 0.0 Td (the ) Tj 17.160000 0.0 Td (Dayside ) Tj 36.000000 0.0 Td (Recon- ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 310.920000 219.840000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.400000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (nection ) Tj 33.600000 0.0 Td (Layer ) Tj 26.760000 0.0 Td (in ) Tj 12.000000 0.0 Td (Resistive ) Tj 39.840000 0.0 Td (MHD ) Tj 26.760000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 18.840000 0.0 Td (hybrid ) Tj 30.360000 0.0 Td (Models, ) Tj 36.000000 0.0 Td (J. ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 312.120000 209.760000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.520000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (Geophys. ) Tj 40.080000 0.0 Td (Res., ) Tj 22.560000 0.0 Td (98, ) Tj 15.000000 0.0 Td (3919, ) Tj 24.600000 0.0 Td (1993 ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 301.440000 199.680000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.240000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (RiChardson, ) Tj 52.920000 0.0 Td (A., ) Tj 17.040000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 19.320000 0.0 Td (S.C. ) Tj 25.440000 0.0 Td (Chapman, ) Tj 46.320000 0.0 Td (Self ) Tj 18.960000 0.0 Td (consistent ) Tj 43.680000 0.0 Td (one- ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 311.160000 189.600000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.520000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (dimensional ) Tj 52.800000 0.0 Td (hybrid ) Tj 30.960000 0.0 Td (code ) Tj 22.680000 0.0 Td (simulations ) Tj 50.040000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 12.120000 0.0 Td (a ) Tj 8.880000 0.0 Td (relaxing ) Tj 36.480000 0.0 Td (field ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 311.160000 179.280000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.000000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (reversal, ) Tj 37.440000 0.0 Td (J. ) Tj 11.520000 0.0 Td (Geophys. ) Tj 40.200000 0.0 Td (Res., ) Tj 22.320000 0.0 Td (99, ) Tj 15.120000 0.0 Td (17391 ) Tj 23.040000 0.0 Td (, ) Tj 5.880000 0.0 Td (1994 ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 301.680000 169.800000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.880000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (Terasawa, ) Tj 44.640000 0.0 Td (T., ) Tj 16.440000 0.0 Td (M. ) Tj 15.240000 0.0 Td (Hoshino, ) Tj 40.080000 0.0 Td (J. ) Tj 11.160000 0.0 Td (I. ) Tj 10.320000 0.0 Td (Sakai, ) Tj 28.200000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 18.960000 0.0 Td (T. ) Tj 13.200000 0.0 Td (Hada, ) Tj 27.960000 0.0 Td (De- ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 311.400000 159.720000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.760000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (cay ) Tj 17.280000 0.0 Td (Instability ) Tj 45.960000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 11.640000 0.0 Td (Finite-Amplitude ) Tj 74.520000 0.0 Td (Circularly ) Tj 44.280000 0.0 Td (Polarized ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 311.400000 151.440000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 7.320000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (Alfven ) Tj 31.080000 0.0 Td (Waves: ) Tj 36.720000 0.0 Td (A ) Tj 12.000000 0.0 Td (Numerical ) Tj 46.560000 0.0 Td (Simulation ) Tj 48.360000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 12.720000 0.0 Td (Stimulated ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 311.280000 139.560000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.640000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (Brillouin ) Tj 38.760000 0.0 Td (Scattering, ) Tj 47.760000 0.0 Td (J. ) Tj 11.400000 0.0 Td (Geophys. ) Tj 39.840000 0.0 Td (Res., ) Tj 22.440000 0.0 Td (91, ) Tj 14.760000 0.0 Td (4171, ) Tj 24.600000 0.0 Td (1986 ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 311.640000 116.040000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 8.640000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (Space ) Tj 26.160000 0.0 Td (and ) Tj 18.120000 0.0 Td (Astrophysics ) Tj 54.960000 0.0 Td (Group, ) Tj 31.080000 0.0 Td (Univ. ) Tj 26.280000 0.0 Td (of ) Tj 10.440000 0.0 Td (91, ) Tj 40.560000 0.0 Td (UK ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 301.080000 95.400000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.240000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (\(Received ) Tj 42.120000 0.0 Td (April ) Tj 24.720000 0.0 Td (11, ) Tj 15.000000 0.0 Td (1996; ) Tj 26.760000 0.0 Td (revised ) Tj 31.440000 0.0 Td (July ) Tj 20.400000 0.0 Td (9, ) Tj 10.560000 0.0 Td (1996; ) Tj ET BT 1.000000 0 0 1 301.440000 86.160000 Tm 3 Tr 0 0 0 rg /F0 9.120000 Tf 0.000000 0.0 Td (accepted ) Tj 38.400000 0.0 Td (September ) Tj 46.560000 0.0 Td (11, ) Tj 14.880000 0.0 Td (1996.\) ) Tj endstream endobj 16 0 obj <> endobj 17 0 obj <> endobj 18 0 obj <> stream application/pdf Space Plasma Physics: Kinetic and MHD theory; Space Plasma Physics: Numerical simulation studies; Magnetospheric Physics: Magnetotail; Magnetospheric Physics: Storms and substorms A comparison of self&#8208;consistent kinetic and quasi&#8208;MHD simulations: Application to a dipolarizing field reversal Sandra C. Chapman, Chris G. Mouikis http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96GL02845, doi:10.1029/96GL02845 escape 1.1 2007-05-03T13:15:30Z www.PrincetonImaging.com 2012-07-18T14:14:50-04:00 2012-07-18T14:14:50-04:00 uuid:fe5580e3-01a1-438d-b526-a2a5e7ba6b25 uuid:81d201a6-c2a2-4a46-bcef-1085182efd3b endstream endobj xref 0 19 0000000000 65535 f 0000118767 00000 n 0000118962 00000 n 0000194648 00000 n 0000194678 00000 n 0000194763 00000 n 0000224147 00000 n 0000224342 00000 n 0000305171 00000 n 0000305202 00000 n 0000305287 00000 n 0000336533 00000 n 0000336731 00000 n 0000422178 00000 n 0000422211 00000 n 0000422297 00000 n 0000452043 00000 n 0000452119 00000 n 0000452823 00000 n trailer << /Size 19 >> startxref 160 %%EOF