91福利

Two WMG research projects, Project AMICABLE and Project TUCANA, were recognised at the this week.

Project AMICABLE, a 12-month Innovate UK funded project, which set out to produce a lightweight, permanently antimicrobial grab pole for use in public transport, won the Innovation in Composite Materials award.

Researchers from WMG鈥檚 Lightweight Materials and Manufacturing team worked with, product designers anti-microbial additive developers BioCote and Promethean Particles and the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), and manufacturers (CBL), to produce lightweight composite grab-poles with an embedded anti-microbial property.

The anti-microbial grab poles can be used in a wide range of public transport applications, such as bus, tram, rail and underground, helping to reduce transmission of infections.

A second project involving experts from WMG, called Project Tucana and led by Jaguar Land Rover, was recognised in the Innovation in Composite Design category.

The APC funded project is an enabler for future generations of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV), demonstrated through the redesign of the rear structure of a Jaguar I-Pace, the acclaimed Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) BEV, bringing together a consortium of world-leading academic and industry partners. Researchers and engineers from WMG鈥檚 Automotive Composites Research Centre helped to develop the manufacturing technology to design stiffer and lighter vehicle structures using light weight carbon fibre materials.

Read more about the Composites Industry Awards here:

• Concrete contributes to 8% of global CO2e emissions, however Concrete4Change are on a mission to make concrete CO2 sinks rather than producers
• The CO2 sequestrating technology is being developed with the help of the School of Engineering and WMG SME group at the 91福利
• Researchers will help by testing the concrete which could revolutionise the concrete industry
• Concrete4Change won the award for Achieving Net Zero category at the UN Climate Change Cup last night at COP26

Technology developed by Concrete4Change that can make concrete a carbon sink rather than carbon producer will be trialled and tested by researchers from the 91福利. The technology which could revolutionise the concrete industry on a global scale, has been showcased and won an award at COP26.

After water concrete is the most consumed material in the world, and accounts for 8% of global CO2e emissions. However, (C4C) are on a mission is to enable the concrete industry to transition from CO2 emitters to CO2 sinks, by developing a technology capable of removing significant amounts of CO2 from the atmosphere and absorbing it into concrete.

In fact, it was announced last night at COP26 that Concrete4Change have been announced as the winner of the Achieving Net Zero category of the 2021 UN

The sequestration of CO2 results in the strength enhancement of concrete; therefore, reducing the amount of cement required to produce equivalent-strength concrete. Both CO2 sequestration and cement reduction can contribute to the reduction of concrete鈥檚 CO2 footprint. This technology has the potential to mitigate 2 billion tonnes of CO2e emissions, the equivalent of 4% of global CO2e emissions.

The School of Engineering and WMG centre High Value Manufacturing Catapult at the 91福利 are proud to be supporting Concrete4Change, by undertaking essential testing for the company with the help of funding through and the DI4M programme.

Dr Reyes Garcia from the School of Engineering comments:

鈥淎s the world strives to reach zero-carbon goals, the construction industry and we civil engineers have a huge role to play to make concrete more sustainable. The cement we use to produce concrete contributes massively to CO2 emissions, and therefore we need to take drastic action now if the construction sector is to achieve its CO2 reduction goals. Here, at the School of Engineering, we are incredibly excited to support Concrete4Change by performing concrete technology and durability tests, which are critical to prove that the technology can be safely adopted by designers, contractors and concrete producers鈥�.

Dave Myers from the WMG SME group at the 91福利 comments:

鈥淚n order to make sure the concrete made by this innovative technology is as good, as if not better than previous standards we will be assisting Concrete4Change by completing testing and microscopical examination.

鈥淥nce testing has been completed the partnerships that C4C have made can help bring this technology to market and reinvent the concrete industry into a more sustainable and eco-friendlier one.鈥�

Concrete4Change has built partnerships with other leading academic institutions as well as with some of the largest concrete producers in the world including Hanson Heidelberg, Kier, SIG, Morgan Sindall and Skanska.

Dr Sid Pourfalah, Founder and CEO of Concrete4Change comments:

鈥淲e are delighted to have the help to bring our unique technology to the market with help with the 91福利, not only are we showcasing our technology at COP26, but we have also been selected by Brazilian Ideiagov as one of the top 10 companies to tackle Latin America鈥檚 Net-Zero Challenge, bringing us hope that our technology is transferrable worldwide, and can help us shape tomorrow for future generations.鈥�

C4C has also been selected by British Precast Federation as one of the top 3 most innovative companies and as one of the top 5 companies for Knowledge Transfer Network (KTN) Transforming Foundation Industries (TFI).

ENDS

11 NOVEMBER 2021

NOTES TO EDITORS

High-res images available at:

/services/communications/medialibrary/images/november_2021/img_20211109_132635.jpg
Caption: From left to right, CTO Dr Michael Wise and Dr Sid Pourfalah, Founder and CEO of Concrete4Change at COP26
Credit: Conrete4Change

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Caption: COP26 flowers
Credit: Concrete4Change

Find out more about Concrete4Change here:

C4C selected for the prestigious Climate Challenge Cup (10th of November):

For further information please contact:

Alice Scott
Media Relations Manager – Science
91福利
Tel: +44 (0) 7920 531 221
E-mail: alice.j.scott@warwick.ac.uk

With vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, electric vehicle (EV) batteries could store electricity - when there is an abundant supply - to power homes and businesses and discharge it back to the national grid when it is most needed.

This enables better use of renewable energy, lower carbon footprint, less pressure on the grid and financial savings, which can help electric vehicle owners pay back their investment.

During the course of this year, the EV-elocity project has been deploying V2G chargers in a range of locations across England to as part of large-scale trials to gain technical, customer and commercial insights on the emerging technology. It is also investigating if, and how, additional use from V2G charging may affect EV battery life.

The project, led by Cenex, a not-for-profit consultancy specialising in delivery of low carbon vehicles and energy infrastructure projects also involves the Universities of Nottingham and 91福利; Leeds and Nottingham City Councils; and CrowdCharge, a platform that integrates and optimises smart electric vehicle charges. EV-elocity is funded by the Department for Business Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and the Office for Zero Emission Vehicles (OZEV), in partnership with Innovate UK, part of UK Research and Innovation.

Chris Rimmer, Infrastructure Strategy Lead at Cenex, said: 鈥淎fter restarting the project in mid-2020, we are delighted to be testing V2G with such a range of sites and hardware. We鈥檒l be working hard over the coming months to examine the cost, carbon and conditioning benefits of V2G, and publish our results as they become available.鈥�

Professor James Marco, from WMG at the 91福利 comments:

鈥淎 number of consumers and vehicle manufacturers are concerned that V2G will disproportionably reduce battery life, representing a potential barrier for widespread adoption of V2G and consumer acceptance. Here at WMG, 91福利, we are excited to be researching novel new methods of managing the V2G charging process not just to mitigate battery degradation, but to potentially use V2G to extend battery life.鈥�

With V2G technology, EVs could help to support grid resilience when parked and plugged-in. Instead of installing huge and expensive community battery stores, an extensive network of EV batteries could be harnessed to absorb energy when renewable generation is plentiful and export it back to the grid during peak demand when carbon intensity is highest for a profit, making money back for users in the process.

The project is installing multiple V2G charging demonstrators at sites owned by organisations -including city councils, universities and police forces - that employ large electric vehicle fleets. Latest data suggests that if the 5.3 million fleet vehicles on UK roads today were to switch to EV, it would save as much as 25 per cent of all UK transport emissions.

Dr Julie Waldron, Research Fellow at the University of Nottingham, who is studying user behaviour, said: 鈥淐ompany cars and vans tend to earn money while out on the road, but electric vehicles could also be a source of income when they鈥檙e parked up. We know cost is a major factor deterring mass adoption of electric vehicles, but if V2G charging helps EV owners get a quick return on their investment, it could make purchasing electric vehicles a much more attractive option to a bigger customer base.鈥�

路 With the biggest electric fleet of any local authority in England, Leeds City Council has installed 5 V2G chargers under the EV-elocity project

路 The University of Nottingham, another user of EV fleets, has installed two V2G units on its main campus

路 Cenex installed one V2G charger at Loughborough University Science and Enterprise Park, one charger at Worcestershire County Council and two chargers at West Midlands Police.

路 91福利 installed three chargers on campus to be used by the Estates fleet

路 Nottingham City Council, which also has a large electric vehicle fleet and a very ambitious target to become carbon neutral by 2028, is planning to install 40 units

Using data from V2G chargers and trackers in EV cars, and user behaviour analysis on the study, researchers are examining mobility patterns, EV charging requirements/trends, battery degradation, and electricity generation, storage and use.

鈥淯nderstanding the patterns of vehicle usage will allow us to evaluate the best charging infrastructure required for EVs, for example the locations and type of charging points and plugs (which currently vary between car brands), compatibility with V2G, charging periods and energy demand, etc. This will enable us to rethink the system and inform the users鈥� decision-making process in order to maximise benefits for consumers and the planet.鈥� Dr Waldron adds.

ENDS

10 NOVEMBER 2021

NOTES TO EDITORS

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Caption: A V2G charger on campus at the 91福利
Credit: EV-elocity

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Caption: A V2G charger on campus at the 91福利
Credit: EV-elocity

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Caption: A V2G charger on campus at the 91福利
Credit: EV-elocity

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Caption: A V2G charger on campus at the 91福利
Credit: EV-elocity

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Caption: A V2G charger on campus at the 91福利
Credit: EV-elocity

1. University of Nottingham

Researchers from the and the s are studying user behaviour in EV-elocity demonstrator trials. They have also developed a V2G case study that will be tested at the University Park Campus. The project fits in well with the University鈥檚 commitment to use innovative technologies to make its campuses smarter and more sustainable to enhance the user experience and reduce its carbon footprint. The campus鈥� infrastructures and services operate very much like those of a small town, so it is a great testbed for technology implementation prior to installation in real cities.

University Park campus uses different types of fleets, in terms of users, routines, parking location and dwell times. This behaviour data was analysed and correlated with other parameters such as routes and movement patterns, renewable energy availability on site, grid cost and grid energy carbon emissions to identify the most promising charging pattern and infrastructure to deliver financial and carbon savings, improve battery life and maximise local renewable energy consumption.

Under EV-elocity, two V2G units have been installed on University Park campus and will be collecting data until March 2022 to identify whether proposed usage delivers against the targets set.

2. Cenex, Loughborough University Science and Enterprise Park

3. Leeds City Council

Leeds has one of the largest public sector fleets of electric vehicles in the country and ambitions plans to continue its transition to a zero emission fleet as part of meeting a city-wide target to become the first net zero major city. This project is part of delivering on this ambition. There have been six V2G units installed in Leeds, one at our Parks & Countryside department headquarters at Farnley Hall and five at our Knowsthorpe Gate depot site. The chargers will be used by a range of different services vehicles across this sites with the Nissan Env-200鈥檚 utilised for the project having been fitted with telematics to capture data to feed into the projects assessment of the technology.

4. WMG 91福利

WMG is a world leading research and education group, transforming organisations and driving innovation through a unique combination of collaborative research and development, and pioneering education programmes.

As an international role model for successful partnerships between academia and the private and public sectors, WMG develops advancements nationally and globally, in applied science, technology and engineering, to deliver real impact to economic growth, society and the environment.

WMG鈥檚 education programmes focus on lifelong learning of the brightest talent, from the WMG Academies for Young Engineers, degree apprenticeships, undergraduate and postgraduate, through to professional programmes.

An academic department of the 91福利, and a centre for the HVM Catapult, WMG was founded by the late Professor Lord Kumar Bhattacharyya in 1980 to help reinvigorate UK manufacturing and improve competitiveness through innovation and skills development.

5. Worcestershire County Council

One vehicle-to-grid charger was installed at the headquarters of Worcestershire County Council, County Hall, in their underground staff car park. The test vehicle a 2016 Nissan Leaf is used by the council as a pool car for staff to make visits in the local area.

6. West Midlands Police

Two vehicle-to-grid chargers were installed at the mezzanine car park of the West Midlands Police Head Quarters. These units will be used to charge (and discharge) two Nissan Leafs (2016) that are part of the non-emergency response fleet based at the site in central Birmingham. These vehicles are used as pool cars by staff to attend non-urgent appointments and enquiries in the city and the surrounding area.

91福利 EV-elocity:

The Project EV-elocity is part of the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) competition, funded by the Department for Business Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) and the Office for Zero Emission Vehicles (OZEV), in partnership with Innovate UK, part of UK Research and Innovation.

The 20 V2G projects (8 feasibility studies, 4 collaborative research and development projects, and 8 real-world V2G trial projects) receive funding of 拢30m to develop the business proposition and the core technology to support V2G deployment in the UK, including its demonstration with large scale trials.

The 20 projects involve more than 50 industrial partners and research organisations from both the Energy and Automotive sectors, making it the largest and most diverse V2G activity in the world, trialling more than 500 vehicles and V2G charger units across UK.

The V2G projects represent a significant step towards the transition to a low carbon transportation and a smart energy system. Allowing EVs to return energy to the Power Grid when parked and plugged-in will increase Grid resilience, allow for better exploitation of renewable sources and lower the cost of ownership for EV owners, leading to new business opportunities and clear advantages for EV users and energy consumers.

For further information please contact:

Alice Scott
Media Relations Manager - Science
91福利
Tel: +44 (0) 7920531221
E-mail: alice.j.scott@warwick.ac.uk

• With ever-stricter noise regulations, aircraft and engine manufacturers are on a mission to reduce noise pollution from aircraft engines
• Novel aero-acoustic simulations that could be used to optimise the design of an aircraft engine and reduce noise will be made possible by Dr Ed Brambley from the 91福利
• Thanks to a 拢290,000 EPSRC grant, the work could revolutionise the way simulations are used in industry, with potential applications not only for aircraft noise but also in meteorology and weather forecasting

Computer simulations are used every day in engineering; however, Dr Ed Brambley will be looking at the maths behind the next generation of novel simulations, which can be used to reduce aircraft engine noise, thanks to a grant from the EPSRC.

Aircraft engines are loud (about 1000x louder than a pneumatic drill), and so designing aircraft engines and airplanes that are able to meet ever stricter noise regulations, whilst still being fuel efficient and cost effective, is a major challenge for aircraft and engine manufacturers.

However, thanks to a 拢290,000 grant from the EPSRC, Dr Ed Brambley, from WMG and the Department of Maths at the 91福利, will investigate the maths behind how computer simulations can be used to minimise the noise from aircraft engines, therefore reducing noise pollution.

Two numerical techniques specific to this project are called Finite Elements and Finite Differences. Both have their advantages and disadvantages: Finite Elements are often used to simulate solids, such as how bridges support weight, whereas Finite Differences are more commonly used to simulate waves, such as the sound produced by aircraft engines. Dr Ed Brambley noticed that the maths of some rather niche Finite Differences behaves rather like Finite Elements, and this funding will allow him to look at why, and how this can be used to make better simulations.

Dr Ed Brambley, from WMG and the Department of Maths at the 91福利 explains:

鈥淣umerical simulations of aircraft engine noise are used to optimise the design of an aircraft or engine before it is built and tested, but they can take weeks to run even on supercomputers. Companies such as Airbus, Boeing, and Rolls-Royce are interested in how best to simulate aircraft engine noise quickly, so they can compare different designs and better optimise them. I hope that this research will help them achieve this.鈥�

Whilst simulations of sound in aircraft engines (Computational AeroAcoustics) is one of the applications in mind with this proposed research, the research could also have impact well beyond aircraft engine noise, as it addresses concerns about the fundamentals of numerical simulations, and has the potential to impact meteorology and weather forecasting, geophysics and the modelling of earthquakes and the structure of the earth, medical imaging scans, and anywhere else finite differences are commonly used.

ENDS

9TH NOVEMBER 2021

NOTES TO EDITORS

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Caption: Dr Ed Brambley, WMG/Maths 91福利
Credit: WMG, 91福利

For further information contact:

Alice Scott
Media Relations Manager – Science
91福利
Tel: +44 (0) 7920531221
E-mail: alice.j.scott@warwick.ac.uk

A group of WMG staff have been presented with personalised certificates of appreciation from the in recognition of their hard work during the Covid19 pandemic.

In summer 2020, WMG was part of a consortium that helped to produce a total of 13,437 Penlon ESO 2 and Smiths paraPAC ventilator devices for the NHS.

WMG staff operated a quality control facility in an automotive parts warehouse in Solihull with colleagues from other High Value Manufacturing Catapult centres - the National Composites Centre (NCC) and the Manufacturing Technology Centre (MTC). Together they worked around the clock tirelessly inspecting over eight million parts.

Dr Mark Swift, Head of WMG SME Group, said: 鈥淚t鈥檚 once again great to see WMG involved in such a nationally important project. The team have done a fantastic job of showcasing our continuous ability to collaborate and support business. This recognition is well deserved and is a testament to our capabilities.鈥�

The 12 strong team included Dave Cooper, Paul Charlton, Ricky Nestor, Lee Oldham, Divyesh Mistry, Max Raybone, Joe Ward, Luke Millage, Myles Vale, Simon Fox, Steve Leemoon and Mark Swift.

Read more about the WMG SME Group here: WMG SME Group | How can we help you? (warwick.ac.uk)

• Hydrogen is valuable as it is a renewable source, and could be sold to the chemicals and plastics industry or used in hydrogen fuel cells for energy storage or electric vehicles
• The ability to take hydrogen from waste water provides a new economic and environmental opportunity, however until now it has been incredibly expensive to suffice
• Using a recycled carbon fibre mat, researchers from WMG, 91福利, have been able to produce Hydrogen from wastewater for Severn Trent

Wastewater treatment is vital to remove pathogens, but is incredibly energy intensive. The ability to treat it more sustainably is a challenge researchers from WMG, 91福利 have been able to achieve, using recycled carbon fibre mats to produce hydrogen from waste water.

Treating wastewater is a vital process, as it removes pathogens and protects the environment, however this comes at its own environmental cost, as it is highly energy intensive, using around 3% of energy use in the UK – the equivalent to 13 billion kilowatt hours.

The water and waste company Severn Trent set researchers from WMG, 91福利, the challenge of finding a more energy efficient way to treat wastewater, with the team successfully building on research into Microbial Electrolysis Cells.

Microbial Electrolysis Cells involves using electromagnetic microorganisms to break down organic pollutants in waste water, producing clean water and hydrogen gas. The ability to produce Hydrogen gas is valuable in itself as it can be sold to chemical and plastics industry, or for use in hydrogen fuel cells for energy storage or electric vehicles.

Although this all sounds promising it hasn鈥檛 been developed on an industrial scale, as the anode materials - which are used in the reaction to breakdown the organic pollutants – are made of graphite or carbon, and cost several hundred pounds per square metre, and produce low rates for Hydrogen.

Dr Stuart Coles and his team therefore took on the challenge of refining the technique by looking at alternative anode materials and processing methods, and successfully identified recycled carbon fibre mats as an alternative anode, which costs only 拢2 per square metre, making it significantly cheaper than existing anode materials.

After testing the carbon fibre mats on synthetic wastewater and real wastewater, researchers found the bacteria developed on the recycled carbon fibre anode, which had better temperature tolerance and produced more hydrogen than previously used materials.

They then decided to pilot their techniques at Severn Trent鈥檚 Minworth waste treatment site, where they successfully processed up to 100 litres of wastewater per day and managed to remove 51% of organic pollutants and up to 100% of suspended solids from the water while producing 18 times more hydrogen (at 100% purity) than the graphite material.

Dr Stuart Coles, from WMG, 91福利 comments:
鈥淲e are really excited about this technology. By taking waste from the automotive and aerospace sectors, we have developed a circular solution to a longstanding problem. Instead of just treating the wastewater, we are now able to extract value from it in the form of hydrogen at a lower cost than ever before.

鈥淭he next phase of this work is look at optimising the design of the microbial electrolysis cells and further reduce the level of pollutants in the water. This in turn should help produce even more hydrogen!鈥�

Bob Stear, Chief Engineer at Severn Trent adds:

鈥淭he performance boost and cost savings demonstrated from this research mean that MEC technology is one step closer to being cost competitive with existing wastewater treatment assets. WMG have also demonstrated that this technology has the potential to create a more circular wastewater treatment process which will be essential to delivering on our long term sustainability goals and Net Zero plans. We鈥檙e currently scoping scaling up the technology at our test-bed plant in Redditch.鈥�

ENDS

2 NOVEMBER 2021

NOTES TO EDITORS

High-res images available at:

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Caption: Dr Stuart Coles from WMG, 91福利 with graphene
Credit: WMG, 91福利

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Caption: Dr Stuart Coles from WMG, 91福利 with graphene
Credit: WMG, 91福利

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Caption: Dr Stuart Coles from WMG, 91福利 with graphene
Credit: WMG, 91福利

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Caption: A sample of a roll of graphene
Credit: WMG, 91福利

For further information please contact:

Alice Scott
Media Relations Manager – Science
91福利
Tel: +44 (0) 7920 531 221
E-mail: alice.j.scott@warwick.ac.uk

路 During the COVID-19 March-June 2020 lockdown in the UK everyone was encouraged to stay at home and only leave the house once a day to exercise

路 A study of UK residents has found that groups including those who are BAME, obese and/or city dwellers reported a greater reduction in physical activity during the lockdown than other groups

路 The research highlights the need for targeted interventions to ensure that physical and mental health impacts of sedentary behaviour are not exacerbated over the long-term by significant reductions in physical activity identified in groups who are more vulnerable to COVID-19

A study of UK resident鈥檚 exercise patterns during the COVID-19 lockdown in March-June 2020, has found that groups that were most at risk to the adverse effects of COVID-19 were impacted the most in terms of reducing their levels of exercise. Researchers led by WMG, 91福利 say targeted interventions are required to ensure physical and mental health impacts of sedentary behaviour do not exacerbate the risks to these groups.

When the first UK lockdown was announced in March 2020 to prevent the spread of COVID-19, all UK residents were permitted to leaving the house to exercise once a day. Researchers from WMG, 91福利 decided to investigate which population groups had reduced or increased physical activity levels during the lockdown.

In the paper, , published in the Journal of Sports Sciences, researchers led by WMG, 91福利 have found that in some of the most at-risk groups their level of physical activity was substantially decreased.

Researchers surveyed UK residents through a rewards-for-exercise app called Sweatcoin, and an online panel. The Sweatcoin app users provided data of their daily step count prior to and during the March-June 2020 lockdown.

Researcher鈥檚 key findings show that there was a particular reduction in physical activity in those classed as obese, gym users, and people living in urban areas. All groups had a decreased step count during the restrictions, however this was particularly prominent in BAME (Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic) groups and urban dwellers.

Dr Mark Elliott from WMG, 91福利 comments:

鈥淥ur study wanted to determine which groups had managed to exercise more during the 2020 lockdown and which had struggled to maintain their usual exercise routines. It became clear that people living in rural areas were more likely to have increased levels of physical activity, compared to city dwellers. However, groups that were particularly vulnerable to COVID-19, such as BAME and obese, had significantly reduced their physical activity during the lockdown compared to before the restrictions were put in place.

鈥淭he long duration of the lockdowns can mean it is difficult for people to return to their old routines, and therefore, there should be targeted interventions to ensure that the already significant issue of sedentary behaviour doesn鈥檛 become exacerbated by the effects of the pandemic.鈥�

The WMG Outreach Team has successfully completed another series of .

This series was a little different to those in years gone by with the Masterclasses forced online by the Covid 19 pandemic.

Professor Margaret Low, WMG鈥檚 Director of Outreach and Widening Participation said: 鈥淲MG has supported the Ri with masterclasses, since 2013, with workshops and activities that put our cutting-edge engineering research into context for young people. Our masterclasses have been run in person each year since 2013 so we were determined not to miss a year for 2021, finding a way to deliver the activities online instead.

鈥淭hese experiences allow students to see how their school learning applies to complicated and world-changing technologies. Through our outreach programmes we hope to inspire young people to pursue careers in STEM, widen participation in Higher Education and make the STEM workforce more diverse.鈥�

The project was run virtually, by WMG staff and students, for two local schools; in Bedworth, and in 91福利, with a special focus on intelligent vehicles.

The WMG team used project boxes to introduce the ideas of intelligent vehicles, calibrating components, coding, algorithms, and to explore how design technology is used to balance the pros and cons of any creation.

The children were tasked with making, testing and then improving a car that a computer can control.

The teacher said: 鈥淭he students were really engaged and got so much out of it. Considering it was video link and the first event they've been able to do like that in ages.鈥�

Rachel Dorris, Masterclass Programme Manager at the Royal Institution added: 鈥淭he Royal Institution (Ri) has been collaborating with 91福利 University for many years to bring hands-on workshops to school students, and we are very pleased to be working with Northleigh and Nicholas Chamberlaine schools this year. Ri Masterclasses offer students an engaging, collaborative taste of STEM subjects involving mathematics, engineering and technology. We aim for Masterclasses to increase interest and confidence in STEM subjects, creating a sense of engagement to last throughout students鈥� school careers and beyond.鈥�

Find out more about the WMG 2021 Ri Engineering Masterclasses here: Ri Engineering Masterclasses 2021 (warwick.ac.uk)

• 路 The Scottish steel using sectors currently employ just under 1/3 of the Scottish working population, and accounts for 31.2% of Scotland鈥檚 turnover
• 路 With an ever-growing population the need for steel is increasing, meaning an opportunity is there for the Scottish steel sector
• 路 If investment in the sector happens it could result in making new types of steel such as crude, which is the most in demand but is currently the least manufactured in Scotland

The value of the Scottish steel using sectors in relation to the rest of the world and also the UK specifically has been analysed by researchers from WMG, 91福利, who have found investment could be the key to reviving the industry into a thriving industry.

Steel has played an important part of Scotland鈥檚 economy since 1751. The nation鈥檚 industrial heritage has relied upon steel, which has been a key part of shipbuilding, energy, rail and civil engineering industries. There have been 12 iron and steel works in Scotland with the last major one to close being Ravenscraig in 1992.

There are currently 266,500 people employed in Scottish steel using industries, while indirect employees in the supply chains can be estimated at around 800,000, making a total of 1.06 million people – around a third of Scotland鈥檚 working population. The steel markets account for 31.2% of Scotland鈥檚 turnover, essentially meaning just under 1/3 of the population rely on Steel for income.

Between 2015 and 2030 the steel market across the UK is set to increase by 1.5 million tonnes, worth a total of 拢3.8billion to the UK economy, with the demand expected to increase in construction, machinery and engineering, and yellow goods (earth moving equipment).

However whilst the demand for steel is increasing, it is predominantly increasing for crude steel, which Scotland does not produce a significant amount of, in fact the largest steel plant in Scotland is Liberty Steel Dalzell in Motherwell, which doesn鈥檛 produce any crude steel.

In 2018 a total of 1.816 billion tons of crude steel was produced globally using blast furnace (BF) + basic oxygen furnace (BOF) and electric arc furnace (EAF) techniques. The United Kingdom produced 7.3 million tons of crude steel in 2018, 0.004% of global production. Scotland has produced less than 6000 tons of crude steel per year in the last three years. Global crude steel production is dominated by Asia, in particular China, which produced 928 million tons of crude steel alone in 2018.

In fact in 2018 there was 拢371.4m of imports of iron and steel into Scotland whereas their total iron and steel product exports stood at 拢313m, with 拢159m of that being exported to the EU.

Dr Russell Hall, from WMG, 91福利 comments:

鈥淭he world鈥檚 population is set to increase from 7.7bn people in 2020 to 9.7bn in 2050, therefore the demand for steel will continue to increase, this provides an opportunity for Scotland to revive their steel industry and boost their income, however this will require coordinated government intervention and leadership into steel making capability, this could be in the form of direct investment, indirect support such as the reduction of energy costs or increase in skills provision for steelmaking.

鈥淭his could mean that Scotland could manufacture new steel types, expand current steel making capabilities, and reduce the operating costs for steel makers.

"If investment were to happen it could mean lower CO2 emissions, as it enables lower energy steel processing, it also enables the sector to work with existing supply chain and customer demands, and put state of the art equipment into Scottish steel manufacturing. In combination with Scotland鈥檚 renewable energy agenda it could see green steel production at the heart of Scotland鈥檚 manufacturing industry鈥�.

ENDS

25 OCTOBER 2021

NOTES TO EDITORS

High-res images available at: /services/communications/medialibrary/images/september_2021/9652258404_7a8c8e9679_b.jpg

Caption: Forth Rail Bridge over the Firth of Forth in Scotland

Report available to view at: /fac/sci/wmg/research/materials/wmg_scottish_steel_sector_report_final.pdf

For further information please contact:

Alice Scott
Media Relations Manager – Science
91福利
Tel: +44 (0) 7902 531 211
E-mail: alice.j.scott@warwick.ac.uk

Expert comment from Margot James, Executive Chair at WMG, in response to the Government鈥檚 Net Zero Strategy.

"The decarbonisation of personal transport, by moving to Electric Vehicles (EVs), will be a major contributor to delivering on this target as EVs become a viable option for the majority of consumers. Viability depends upon EVs being affordable and drivers having access to a reliable network of fast charging in urban and rural networks"

Find out more about the new that has been created by WMG, The Faraday Institution and the High Value Manufacturing Catapult: New National Electrification Skills Framework and Forum could put the UK at the forefront of the green revolution News