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(In recommending we endeavor to pacify the mind with reason and concepts \
Schopenhauer )Tj
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(\222 \(2011: aphorism 443; see also )Tj
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[(Key )0.6 (to )0.5 (this )0.6 (task )0.5 (of )0.5 (perfecting )0.5 (oneself )0.5 (is )0.6 (the )0.5 (need )0.5 (to )0.6 (maintain )0.5 (a )0.6 (tight )0.5 (rein )0.6 (on )0.5 (our )0.6 (imagina)]TJ
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[(he )0.6 (wryly )0.5 (notes,)37 ( )0.5 (is )0.5 (what )0.5 (Goethe )0.5 (did )0.6 (and )0.5 (what,)37 ( )0.5 (by )0.6 (following )0.5 (his )0.6 (own )0.5 (genius,)37 ( )0.6 (he )0.5 (has )0.5 (not )]TJ
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[(ourselves,)37 ( to be everything to ourselves,)37 ( and to be able to say )74.4 (\223)74 (All my possessions I carry )]TJ
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( 1:292\).)Tj
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(aware of himself as what he is\222 \()Tj
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[(the practice of solitude that we come to learn the value of self-relianc\
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(cannot but be perfectly happy\222 \()Tj
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(reliance that we immerse ourselves in the rituals of society and underta\
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[( )36.7 (The love of solitude is not to be thought of as our natural state or )]TJ
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[(a community; rather)111 (,)37 ( then,)37 ( it develops as a result of experience and re\037ection \()]TJ
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[(1:373\).)37 ( Indeed,)37 ( we might consider the love of solitude to represent a mature state of m\
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(These insights of Schopenhauer may have inspired Nietzsche when he think\
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[(tude.)37 ( In several aphorisms,)37 ( Nietzsche draws attention to the bene\036ts of solitude.)36.9 ( In a typi)]TJ
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[(cally witty insight,)37 ( he writes:)]TJ
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[(mature mind.)37 ( )37.3 (When we read Schopenhauer ourselves,)37 ( however)111 (,)37 ( we \036nd him maintaining that)-9 ( )]TJ
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[(of all the subjective goods we might want to consider and re\037ect upon\
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(immediately happy is a cheerful spirit\222 \()Tj
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[(Such cheerfulness is evident,)37 ( he thinks,)37 ( when we re\037ect on )74.2 (\221the plain truth\222,)37 ( which is also )]TJ
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[(\221the superlative of a truism\222,)37 ( that whoever laughs a lot is happy and whoever cries a lot is )]TJ
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[(,)36.9 ( and it is the )]TJ
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(see Seneca 2015: 402\226403\).)Tj
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(The cheerfulness Schopenhauer has in mind has nothing to do with wealth \
and every)Tj
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[(thing to do with health,)36.9 ( and it is the \037ourishing of perfect health,)37 ( he maintains,)37 ( that entails )]TJ
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[(cheerfulness.)37 ( )37.3 (T)98 (o enjoy such health requires practicing an art of life in which we avoid\
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[(and dietary measures.)37 ( Here Schopenhauer fully agrees with )37.2 (Aristotle\222)74 (s stress on the prime )]TJ
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[(character of life,)37 ( namely)92 (,)36.9 ( that it consists in )]TJ
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[(which one\222)74 (s happiness is dependent on cheerfulness of mood,)37 ( and this in turn on the state of )]TJ
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(our health manifests itself when we re\037ect on the impression made on \
us by the same events )Tj
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(or external circumstances on vigorous days with what takes place when si\
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[(us anxious and even morose.)36.9 ( On this point,)37 ( Schopenhauer \036nds a concordance with Stoic )]TJ
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[(teaching,)37 ( )0.5 (notably as found )0.5 (in Epictetus\222)73.9 (s insight that )0.5 (what disturbs )0.5 (human beings )0.5 (are not )]TJ
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[(see Epictetus 1948: section )37.1 (V\).)36.9 ( If we are not healthy in mind and body then the subjective )]TJ
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[(goods,)37 ( along with the qualities of our intellect and temperament,)37 ( become depressed and )]TJ
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[(may even wither away)92 (.)36.9 ( For Schopenhauer)111 (,)37 ( there is a good reason why in human greetings )]TJ
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[(we inquire about another\222)74 (s state of health and take the trouble to wish well-being to one )]TJ
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[(another)111 (.)]TJ
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[(Of course,)37 ( it is necessary for Schopenhauer to consider the affect and state of me\
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[(cholia,)37 ( and this is what he goes on immediately to do,)37 ( noting astutely that even in a state )]TJ
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[(Here he may well be re\037ecting on his own personality)92 (,)36.9 ( though the veracity of his insight )]TJ
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[(cannot,)37 ( I think,)37 ( be said to be reducible to this.)37 ( He concurs,)37 ( in fact,)37 ( with )37.1 (Aristotle\222)74 (s well-)]TJ
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[(standing )0.5 (\(1\) that )0.5 (life )0.5 (is )0.5 (like a )0.5 (game )0.5 (of chess in )0.5 (which )0.5 (one draws )0.5 (up )0.5 (a plan,)37 ( )0.5 (but then )0.5 (much )]TJ
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[(the )0.5 (wisdom )0.5 (of )0.5 (ancient )0.5 (writers )0.6 (who )0.6 (recognized )0.6 (that )0.5 (there )0.5 (are )0.5 (three )0.5 (forces )0.5 (operating )0.5 (in )0.5 (the )]TJ
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( 1:416\).)Tj
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[(T)86 (wo key presuppositions inform and guide Schopenhauer\222)74 (s contribution to the wisdom )]TJ
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[(1:276\).)37 ( )37.3 (The second presupposition is that no one can escape their individuality)92 (,)37 ( and this )]TJ
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[(philosophy)92 (,)37 ( then,)37 ( Schopenhauer is )0.5 (recommending we )0.5 (do not )0.5 (invest )0.5 (our energies )0.5 (and )0.5 (hopes )]TJ
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[(which in effect are lessons of Epictetus recorded by his pupil )37.1 (Arrian,)37 ( not only digressive)9 ( )]TJ
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[(in form but also,)36.9 ( and more importantly)92 (,)37 ( inconsistent in content and so making for an)9 ( )]TJ
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[(Arrian introduces into the doctrine foreign elements that smack )74 (\221of a Christian-Jewish)9 ( )]TJ
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(origin\222 \()Tj
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[(on virtually every page and that is also utilized to support the morals.\
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[(Stoic doctrine fundamentally wrong for Schopenhauer since in the doctrin\
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[(overall the )0.5 (book )0.5 (is written )0.5 (in a )0.5 (scolding )0.5 (and )0.5 (reproachful tone.)36.9 ( )0.5 (Despite the distaste )0.5 (that)9 ( )]TJ
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[(in it here and there,)37 ( and he himself will freely draw upon it as the occasion warrants in)9.1 ( )]TJ
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[(\221)74 (Aphorisms on the wisdom of life\222.)]TJ
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[(1976: )36.8 (VII,)37 ( 12\).)37 ( In the chapter on )73.8 (\221counsels and maxims\222 in )73.7 (\221)74 (Aphorisms on the wisdom of )]TJ
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[(life\222 Schopenhauer states that he regards )37.2 (Aristotle\222)74 (s insight as )74.2 (\221the supreme rule of all wis)]TJ
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-0.034 Tw [( 1:345\22649\).)37 ( It is by drawing on )37.3 (Aristotle\222)74 (s insight and dictum,)37 ( as well as on )]TJ
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[(V)86 (oltaire \(\221Happiness is nothing but a dream,)37 ( and pain is real\222\),)37 ( that Schopenhauer is able )]TJ
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[(to \036nesse eudaemonology in accordance with his own philosophy: such a\
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[(unhappily\224,)37 ( hence in a tolerable way\222 \()]TJ
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[(or )0.5 (weathered,)37 ( )0.5 (something )0.5 (to )0.5 (get )0.6 (through,)37 ( )0.5 (and )0.5 (it )0.6 (is )0.5 (one )0.5 (of )0.6 (the )0.5 (consolations )0.5 (of )0.5 (old )0.5 (age )0.5 (that )]TJ
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[(the labor of living is now behind us.)37 ( Schopenhauer now evinces his conception of the sage: )]TJ
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(\221The fool runs after the pleasures of life and sees himself cheated: \
the sage avoids evils\222 \()Tj
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(in the contribution he makes.)Tj
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[(Sc)12 (hopenhauer on Stoicism as a )37.1 (W)92 (a)24 (y of Life)]TJ
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[(context of his frequent utilization of the teachings of Seneca and Epict\
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( in the true )Tj
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(2:103/)Tj
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(this point that Schopenhauer wishes to divorce Stoic teaching and practi\
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[(atar)45 (axia)]TJ
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[( Although )-36.8 (Schopenhauer\222)74 (s )]TJ
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