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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTAMP:20260630T190138Z
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20091111T163000
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20091111T173000
SUMMARY:Prof. Justin Wark\, University of Oxford
TZID:Europe/London
UID:20091111-094d43f62422c17f012433861702475f@warwick.ac.uk
CREATED:20091008T094116Z
DESCRIPTION:Exotic States of Matter Created with an Intense XUV FEL So-ca
 lled 4th-generation light sources are set to revolutionize several areas
  of science. These novel radiation sources\, based on free-electron-lase
 r (FEL) technology\, have spectral brightnesses between six and ten orde
 rs of magnitude greater than those both of any synchrotron\, and any las
 er-plasma-based XUV source. Just a few months ago the world’s first true
  hard X-ray laser (1.5Ã…) was demonstrated at LCLS at SLAC\, and the FLAS
 H laser at Hamburg (which produces photons up to 200-eV in the fundament
 al\, and 600-eV in the 3rd harmonic) has been operational for over two y
 ears. Both these sources are full user facilities\, operating at high re
 petition rate (currently 5Hz for FLASH\, and upto 120Hz at LCLS). Here\,
  we present the first results of the interaction of such radiation inter
 acting with matter at high intensities. We have taken the output of FLAS
 H\, operating with a photon energy of 92-eV\, and\, using a multilayer-c
 oated off-axis-parabola\, have focussed the XUV output to an intensity c
 lose to 10^17 Wcm^-2 – an intensity regime that\, until recently\, had r
 emained the province of optical lasers (it is envisaged that with hard X
 -ray FELs such as LCLS\, intensities in excess of 10^19 Wcm^-2 will be p
 roduced). At such high intensities\, the XUV energy is transferred to th
 e electrons in the aluminium target placed in the focal region on a time
 -scale that is short compared with that of significant ion motion. In pa
 rticular\, we infer that we can produce a new form of plasma\, where - a
 t least for a short time - the ions are still on their crystallographic 
 positions\, yet each ion is further ionized beyond its natural state in 
 the metal. We demonstrate that within the time-scale of the 15-fs FLASH 
 laser pulse we can photoeject an L-electron from every atom within the f
 ocal spot\, which produces a shift in the L-edge such that the solid alu
 minum turns transparent to the incident radiation\, resulting in the fir
 st observation of saturable absorption in the XUV.[1] We further discuss
  the XUV emission spectra recorded while the heated material was at soli
 d density\, before the ions had time to move\, and how it may provide un
 ique information on the electronic structure of warm dense matter. We sh
 ow that as many atoms are photo-ionized\, from the point of view of the 
 fluorescence emission\, the system is acting very much like a photo-gene
 rated alloy. It is our view that these type of experiments could be of i
 mportance for the ICF community\, and that X-ray FELs will be complement
 ary facilities to much high-energy-density plasma research: we will show
  that such intense XUV and X-ray irradiation is an ideal way of producin
 g warm dense matter (i.e. matter around solid density\, but with thermal
  energies comparable with the coulombic energies). The equation of state
  of matter under such conditions is still poorly understood\, yet it rem
 ains an important regime during the implosion process\, as will as being
  of significance for the physics of the planetary interiors of the gas g
 iants. · ^* Co-authors of this work include all of the members of the ‘P
 eak Brightness Collaboration’\, which comprise all authors of reference 
 [1]. · [1] Bob Nagler et al\, ‘Turning Aluminium Transparent by Intense 
 Soft X-Ray Photoionization’\, Nature Physics\, published online 26 July 
 2009\, doi:10.1038/nphys1341.
LOCATION:
CATEGORIES:Departmental Colloquium
LAST-MODIFIED:20091008T094116Z
ORGANIZER;CN="":
END:VEVENT
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