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The Gibson group have undertaken a detailed study into the ability of synthetic polymers to inhibit the growth of ice crystals - this is a fundmental process of incredible importance in biology (survival of extremophiles), medicine (cryoprotectection of cells/organs) and industry (preventing ice-induced damage). are pioneering the use of polymers as alternative to antifreeze proteins - Nature's cryoprotectants, using a combination of chemical, analytical, biological and computational methods

Read their latest paper here, in collaboration with R. Notman (CSC):

Dr Gareth Roberts, a postdoctoral fellow in the Department has been appointed as a Ramsay Memorial Fellow to be held in the School of Chemistry at the University of Bristol. These fellowships are awarded to advanced students of chemical research who have shown outstanding merit. His proposed research will entail studying the ultrafast photoprotection mechanisms at work in DNA base-pairs. Congratulations Gareth!

Members of the worked with children who attend The Grange Extended Learning Centre over a six week period. The Grange ELC is a pupil referral unit for students who have been, or are at risk of being excluded from their mainstream school. This project was coordinated by the Chemistry departments very own outreach officer Nick Barker and has been reported by .

The project involved the collection of soil samples from sites once occupied by car factories around the city of Coventry and then analyse these samples for heavy metal contamination. Over the first three weeks, two children worked in the laboratories at 91¸£Àû to prepare electrodes while the rest of the group, usually four children, went to old car manufacturing site like Jaguar (Brown’s Lane) and Rover (Cromwell Lane) to collect soil samples.

Here is what Manni Sahota, acting Headteacher of The Grange ELC, had to say about this outreach project:

‘I feel the project run by Prof Pat Unwin and his staff was a huge success. It raised the pupils’ self-esteem and their aspirations. They learned how to use scientific equipment and saw first-hand what a University looks like. One of the pupils even talked about becoming a scientist.'

'All the work we have ever done with 91¸£Àû University over the past few years would not be possible without Nick Barker, Teacher Fellow, who knows exactly where our pupils come from and the opportunities they would never otherwise have.’

The low pressure-CVD growth of graphene on low-cost Cu foil and its resulting electronic properties has been reported by the Costantini Group in Nano Research, in collaboration with the Department of Physics, the University of St. Andrews and the ELLETRA synchrotron. In the long-term, commercialisation of graphene will require economical techniques for its fabrication on a large scale. Therefore, its growth under low-pressure conditions on low-cost polycrystalline Cu foils represents a strong step towards a number of graphene applications. Angle-resolved photoemission measurements demonstrate a weak electronic coupling between the graphene and Cu, suggesting only a weak interaction with the substrate. In contrast, during the growth process, the graphene induces interfacial reconstruction of the mostly (100) surface, forming (n10) facets that in turn further modify the growth dynamics. Consequently, two main preferred graphene orientations with respect to the Cu are found, which is shown to be a consequence of a mismatch epitaxy. Further details can be read at .

Ada Della Pia and Giovanni Costantini publish the Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy chapter for the Springer Surface Science Techniques book, Gianangelo Bracco and Bodil Holst (ed).

The publishes in Biomaterials Science on why certain (macro)molecules are capable of inhibiting ice crystal growth, inspired by antifeeze proteins.

The work, conducted in collaboration with 91¸£Àû Medical School provides insights into which structural features are essential for a (macro)molecule to inhibit ice crystal growth and why apparently similar compounds have opposing activity.

The ability to control ice crystal growth is a major technological challenge (anyone stuck at Heathrow or scraping their car...?) with many biotechnological applications.

In a recent issue of Angewandte Chemie the 91¸£Àû team of Emanuele Maggio, Natalia Martsinovich and Alessandro Troisi reports a new design strategy to improve dye sentitized solar cells. Good dyes, when excited by solar radiation, inject very rapidly an electron to the semiconductor they are adsorbed onto. However it is also desirable that, when they have lost the electron, these dyes are not neutralized again by the semiconductor. The authors combined ideas from group theory with their methodology to study electron transfer at the interface to propose a new family of dyes that inject the electron rapidly but are very reluctant to take the electron back.

Soft materials which can be molded into specific shapes and contain emulsion droplets or bubbles are an important class of materials and find use accross a wide range of disciplines. Think for example of shaving foam, margerine spreads, etc. An important class of soft materials are so-called hydrogels, which can be made from watersoluble polymer molecules and form a gel through crosslinking a phenonomenon that interconnects the polymer chains creating a network.

Stefan Bon and his team () now has shown that hydrogel objects which contain large amounts of oil droplets (80 vol%) can be constructed through injection (molding) of an emulsified mixture of oil and a waterborne dispersion of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) nanogel particles, which are crosslinked through non-covalent interaction of 2-ureido-4[1H] pyrimidinone (UPy) groups.

Stefan Bon says "we are very excited that we can trap isolated oil droplets into hydrogels macroscopic objects, which can be re-shaped. For example, it is possible to make a cylindrical high internal phase emulsion hydrogel wire. The reversibility of the hydrogen bond formation means that these materials will have exciting physical and mechanical characteristics. Not only that, the use of the thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) allows us to shrink and thus squeeze the objects at elevated temperatures, which has potential interesting applications in triggered delivery of active ingredients and microscopic engines and motors."

Their findings are published in Chemical Communications ( to the paper), a journal by the Royal Society of Chemistry.

The Gibson group with collaborators at ETH Zurich report in Advanced Functional Materials on how synthetic polymers tethered to the surface of an enzyme can produce a 'molecular sieving' effect. Polymer-Protein conjugates are widely studied for their pharmaceutical applications, but the phase behaviour of the polymers has not be probed in detail previously. These results open the door to 'smart' PEGylation of proteins with selective permeability properties.

Read the full paper here

The O’Connor and Tosin groups have published work on the use of high mass accuracy tandem mass spectrometry for characterising the structures of polyketides, including erythromycin A, lasalocid A and iso-lasalocid A. They report in Analytical Chemistry on the use of Collision Activated Dissociation (CAD) and Electron Induced Dissociation (EID) as tools for determining structural information on these types of molecules. EID was shown to cause greater fragmentation of the compounds, complementary to that obtained using CAD, leading to more detailed structural information being obtained. These techniques were also combined in multistage mass spectrometry experiments, in order to use the fragmentation patterns to distinguish between lasalocid A and its isomer, iso-lasalcoid A. This work illustrates the potential of these tools and will be applied to identifying unknown polyketides and their biosynthetic intermediates.

The full article can be found at:

The Sadler Group report in JACS a method for switching off the cytotoxicity of a photoactivated platinum(IV) diazido complex in the A2780 human ovarian cancer cell line.