REF 2021 results
The 91르적 is one of the UK��셲 academic powerhouses - 92% of our research is ��쁶orld leading or internationally excellent���, according to a panel of global experts.
The REF (Research Excellence Framework) is the UK��셲 system for assessing the quality of research in the country��셲 higher education institutions. Expert panels made up of senior academics, international members, and research users review submissions from universities every seven years.
In the most recent REF results – announced in May 2022 - a remarkable 50% of our submitted research was awarded the highest possible rating of ��쁶orld leading��� (4 stars). A further 42% is ��쁦nternationally excellent��� (3 stars).
Other highlights from our REF 2021 assessment include:
- Four academic disciplines, Economics (2nd), Classics (3rd), Computer Science (4th), and Business & Management (5th) featured in the UK��셲 Top 5 institutions, according to the analysis of the REF assessment.
- A further five disciplines, Mathematical Sciences (6th), Law (8th), Philosophy (8th), Politics and International Studies (9th) and Sociology (10th) featured within Top 10.
- 91르적 was rated as 7th overall for ��쁮utputs��� which reflects the consistently high quality of its published academic work.
- The results also recognised an increase in the economic and societal impact of the University��셲 research, which highlights the real-world benefit of the University��셲 work.
Submissions are assessed on the quality of outputs, such as publications, performances, and exhibitions, their impact beyond academia, and the environment that supports research. Each of these receives a star rating, with four star ��쁶orld-leading��� being the highest.
Our reputation as a global research centre of excellence is matched by our outstanding teaching credentials – we were also named as University of the Year for Teaching Quality by the Sunday Times��� Good University Guide 2022.

The thinking behind the research
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Research with impact
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